The Crucible Research Paper

John Doe The Crucible Research Paper Around the same, beginning in the 1940’s, both McCarthyism and the imprisoning of the Japanese after Pearl Harbor were taking place. Senator Joseph McCarthy went house to house searching and questioning people he believed were communist. If you were accused of being communist you were put on a list called the â€Å"red-list†, which meant that your passport was taken away, your job was at stake or you were sent to jail. Immediately after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the President declared that everyone of Japanese decent could be a possible threat to the American people.The Japanese families all over the nation were sent to internment camps, much like those of the Holocaust. The fortunate ones were told to pack one suitcase and leave their homes and move to their new location, given by the government of course. McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment Camps have several similarities and a few differences. To begin, in both cases, the sub ject at hand was blown out of proportion with inadequate evidence against both the so-called communists and the supposed Japanese spies. â€Å"McCarthy’s relentless pursuit of communist ‘subversives‘ took the witch-hunt to new heights. After the cold war, the threat of communism intensified. Several people, including celebrities, were red-listed. There was absolutely no proof that these people were even communist. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Roosevelt was convinced that there were Japanese spies here in America. Again, with no factual evidence that these people of Japanese decent were spying for Japan, they were all taken from their homes and places in internment camps or moved to a different location with no explanation. The US justified their action by claiming that there was a danger of those of Japanese descent spying for the Japanese. † To wrap up, during McCarthyism and the Japanese Interment Camps, both were prisoned unfairly without evidence or trial. Secondly, the two topics at hand differed because with the Japanese, the only people that were moved and or imprisoned were those of Japanese decent, but with the red scare, anyone could possibly be accused. During the time the Japanese were being sent to the internment camps, under the order of President Roosevelt, everyone knew what was going on and exactly who the accused were.On the contrary, while McCarthy was persistently hunting for those who could possible be communists with the thought of overthrowing our Republic, none of the common people knew who or when the next ‘communist’ would be red-listed, or maybe jailed. Mad chaos went through the county in both cases. To conclude, both McCarthyism and the Japanese Internment camps compared and contrasted in a few ways. In both time periods, people were jailed without any proof that they were guilty, chaos was insane due to the random imprisonment of loved ones and friends.However the two contrasted because during McCarthyism several people of many different ethnic backgrounds were red-listed and when the Japanese were being sent to internment camps or relocated, specifically the Japanese were targeted. Works Cited â€Å"History Study Center – Home Page. † History Study Center – Home Page. N. p. , 2002. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Internment History. † PBS. PBS, n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. Miller, Arthur. â€Å"McCarthyism. † PBS. PBS, 23 Aug. 2006. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. â€Å"World War Two – Japanese Internment Camps in the USA. † World War Two. N. p. , 10 Sept. 2012. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.

C++ Programming Essay

In 1970 C programing was created by Dennis Richie and ken Thompson was made to create portability in UNIX Pascal was invented in 1970 by niklaus wirth a small but very precise language meant to promote good programming practices. Smalltalk created by Alan Kay Dan Ingalls Adele Goldberg ted kaehler scoot Wallace in the 1980s was created to be mainly educational use, Prolog was invented in 1972 by roussel Kowalski and colmerauer was the first logic programming language. Was meant for general programming branching with AI and computer linguistics ML was invented by robin Milner in 1973 pioneered statically typed functional programming languages, 1980 C++ was invented at bell laboratories the cool thing about c++ is it has low lever and high level machine languages. 1990 java was developed by James gosling it turned out to be one of the more popular programming languages. Visual basic was invented in 1990s it creates all windows based applications.Pt1420 – Unit 1 Assignment 1 UNIT 1 – BOOK REVIEW QUESTIONS (PAGE 26, SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS #1–6) 1. Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer? a. Without the CPU, the computer could not run software. The CPU is the part of the computer that actually runs the programs. (pg. 3) 2. What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent? b. 1 represents a bit that is turned ON. 0 represents a bit that is turned OFF. (pg. 8) 3. What would you call a device that works with binary data? c. A device that works with binary data is called a DIGITAL device. (pg. 11) 4. What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called? d. The words that make up a high-level programming language are known as KEY WORDS or RESERVED WORDS. (pg. 17) 5. What are the short words that are used in assembly language called? e. The short words that used in assembly language are called MNEMONICS. (pg. 14) 6. What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter? f. A COMPILER is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. An INTERPRETER is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. (pg. 17-18) 7. What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware? g. An operating system controls the internal operations of the computer’s hardware. (pg. 20)

The War Against Terrorism

Stan Mihaylov Dr. Reichert ENGL 1102 2/15/2011 The War against Terrorism Military actions are the greatest folly which mankind has ever created. Since the creation of the human race, there is a trend that the stronger nations impose their power and will over the weaker nations. If in ancient times wars were happening primarily to take on new territories and resources, it was sufficiently clear and justifiable for a whole nation to stand behind that idea. However, wars nowadays are provoked by vague and unjustifiable reasons.The modern world as I see it is against fighting in wars, but at the same time it spends huge amounts of money for the creation of weapons and military supplies. Today every nation imposes peace, but with a big army behind its back. The scars of the past few wars have not been erased yet – wars which have been called World Wars for their scale. World War I broke out in consequence of the poverty of one otherwise strong nation – Serbia, World War II h appened because of the ambition of one otherwise â€Å"normal† man who believed that the people with blonde hair and blue eyes are the dominant race.Unfortunately, these two are the most significant events for the whole 20th century. The century in which we live right now, the 21st century, will not remain bloodless either. The war of our century is only one, and it is called â€Å"The War against Terrorism. † What is actually terrorism? Terrorism is hatred to man and to mankind. Terrorism is a violent war against the civilians and its goal is to cause fear in the society and to attract the media’s attention. There is international terrorism as well as domestic terrorism.Domestic terrorism is when a single person or a group of people go out and kill random civilians. A good example of domestic terrorism is the Anthrax attacks in 2001 and the Texas cyanide bomb attack. Terrorists have changed the means by which they achieve their goals. Until 9/11 even the best s pecialists on terrorism couldn’t have guessed that the terrorists will use planes full of civilian passengers as missiles to take down the World Trade Centers. I will always remember that day 10 years ago when the terrorists killed more than 3000 people.I was back in Bulgaria, a year before me and my family moved to the United States. It was a beautiful afternoon around 5pm and I was watching TV when all of the sudden the show stopped and the World Trade Centers appeared on the screen. I was wondering what was going on and why they started showing the news, but soon enough I saw a plane hit a building. At first I thought it was an action movie but when the news journalist started talking about terrorist attacks on the United States, I understood what was happening.I will also never forget the thumping sound of people jumping off the buildings and hitting the ground. This was the clearest and also the scariest thing I remember from that sad day. The most natural reaction after the impact on the World Trade Centers is the declaration of war. War against what, against who? Terrorism is not a single person or a nation. The U. S. Millitary attacked a remote and poor country like Afghanistan, but very soon it appeared that the capture of the perpetrators of the attack is impossible. The United States, however, saw an opportunity to capture their oil reserves.Such a powerful country as the United States soon brought in the whole world into its own war but it calls it under a different name – â€Å"The War against Terrorism. † This put the start of a massive production of weapons and supplies. Just the United States alone spend more than $1. 8 billion a week against the fight with terrorism (Msnbc. com). Just a month after the terrorist attacks on 9/11, President George Bush created the first institution against terrorism called the Office of Homeland Security whose main objective is to prevent terrorist attacks.Can the war on terrorism ever be wo n? I think there is no way because â€Å"violence brings more violence. † This cliche is true, and it also uncovers the truth about the war against terrorism. It’s like trying to extinguish a fire using gasoline. The more violent the attacks against the terrorists, the more violent their revenge will be. The terrorists have many followers around the world. In the developing countries of the Middle East, the children learn to shoot a gun from a very young age, learn about the various explosives, as well as the electronic mechanisms used to make detonators.These abilities combined with the hatred for the west, and more specifically the United States, are a very dangerous combination for the making of a huge army of terrorists. They are willing to die for their cause. There are people who don’t appreciate their life. The death during a fight is their way to happiness. One of the many reasons for which terrorism exists is because the democratic, richer countries in the world try to push their views on the poorer Middle Eastern ones.The people in those countries don’t really have a point in life because no matter what they do, they will still be poor and that’s why they decide to take revenge and join the terrorist groups. They think that it’s some other country’s fault that they are in this situation which is not necessarily true. And because they have been told from young age that when they die they will go to a happier place, they don’t even hesitate about doing it. Children on both sides of the world are brainwashed from very young age.In the United States, children are told that the Middle Eastern countries are a bad and dangerous, whereas the children in the Middle East are told that the United States are the bad guys. The war against terrorism is a very harsh one because there are also countries which openly support the terrorist actions – Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Syria, Afghanistan, etc. They su pply the terrorists with shelter, weapons, and financial aid. Another incident that shaped the way I see this war is when I saw a video how an U. S. Army helicopter attacked civilians in Iraq.The video caused a lot of chaos around the United States’ government because they wanted the world to think they were the good guys. The video basically showed how an American helicopter attacks civilians in Iraq, not terrorists. It was very graphic and when I watched it, I thought about how unforgiving war was. The terrorists killed a lot more civilians on 9/11 but is it right for the U. S. Army, which is supposedly on the â€Å"good side† to go and kill random people? I think this is where the mythic reality comes into play.The United States wants the world to think they are the good guys, and because of the attacks on 9/11 they accomplished that position. This gives the United States a reason to do whatever it wants with the civilians from the countries of the Middle East. Now don’t get me wrong, I am not saying that what the United States does is bad or wrong. If somebody attacks, and there is no way to solve things peacefully, war comes into play, but it wouldn’t it be a lot better if the U. S. Army was to seek the ones who arranged the attacks on 9/11, not some random civilians who have no idea what is going on?Terrorism is not just going on in the United States, it is a global thing in which involves almost every nation. After the attacks on 9/11, most of the airports around the world created stricter security rules. The recent attack on the airport in Moscow, Russia also killed more than 30 innocent people. It is not for sure if it was one of the Middle Eastern terrorist groups, but it was a terrorist act nonetheless. Schoen, John W. â€Å"How Much Is the War in Iraq Costing Us? † Msnbc. com. Web. 15 Feb. 2011. .

Cold war 1989-1991 under Bush's Administration Essay

Cold war 1989-1991 under Bush's Administration - Essay Example The barometer to consider whether or not to intervene was different in each case. The important characteristics of post-Cold War conflicts were that they did not relate to superpower completion. U.S. interests did not face severe threat, as it was in the Cold War calculus. The strife at far-off places was not of consequence to the national security of U.S. and the vital interests were more or less secure, with no compelling reasons to intervene. There was no confrontation with Soviet Union who was once the dangerous contender for U.S. interests. With the end of the Cold War, trouble fomented at various spots leading to a series of events of inter-state aggression. U.S. had no decisive platform to intervene, either political or legal. Its foreign policy was against, â€Å"interference in the internal affairs of others." U.S. could not pursue a policy of isolationist, it needed active political and economic support from governments and U.S. was averse to set forth precedents which affected their relations with other countries. Another important consideration was a bout adherence to international law governing interventions. Without the correct international legal rationale, any intervention would be termed as an act of self-seeking, with motivated desires and with hidden agenda. Decisions for intervention needed to be taken, explained and defended. The break-up of the Soviet Union was an important development, but no American interests were threatened. Besides, it was an ideological conflict and power-struggle between two factions, both owing allegiance to Communism. Intervention decisions have far-reaching economic implications, besides the need for solid domestic support. In the confusing world scenario, with many set of actions taking place simultaneously in different parts of the world, the decision-making process cannot be expected to be orderly and well-structured. That the issue

Political Speeches and Press Releases Assignment

Political Speeches and Press Releases - Assignment Example The President did not talk of the need or goal of creating a world without boundaries; in fact, he vehemently recognized and accepted the differences between the people, their cultures, and their faiths (Obama). Instead, he stressed on the need to view one populace as alien or enemies if the other; in essence, he denounced the concept of â€Å"othering† as regards the political and social environment (Obama). He stressed that it was imperative for the global development of the world for countries to exist in peace and to understand that diversity can be used to unify the communities instead of breaking them apart (Obama). He maintained that it was very important for the Oriental countries to decide their leadership themselves and to own their freedom through the process of democracy (Obama), since it was in the vested interest of the American government to bring harmony in the Eastern society so that new market could open up for the American trade, and business could flourish, which would result in the progress and development of the countries

Hierarchical Structure in a Modern Organization Essay

Hierarchical Structure in a Modern Organization - Essay Example In the modern day organizations’ context, the employees’ working within the organization need a supervision that facilitates them to have a clear vision with regard to the organizational goals as well as initiates and influences them to attain or accomplish the desired goals. It has been apparently observed that in the modern day organizational context, prompt decision making has become almost synonymous to every day transactions made within the organization, thus a clear focus that is generally present amid the top level hierarchy facilitates to right decisions and the right time without much fault. The study will also include the counter arguments with respect to the relevance of the hierarchy within the organizations. The existence of the flatten organization is quite unmanageable at times. The invisible hierarchy remains within the flatten organizations as well. If the employees are bestowed with the responsibility to take the decisions freely without any supervisio n, the power- conflict arises within the organizations. Thus, the existence of the flatten structure without any centralized control within the organization can cause both short-term and long-term hindrances within the organizational premises. The relationship between the hierarchy and the â€Å"the tyranny of invisible† and the difference between the hierarchy and the hierarchism will also be included within the study. The existence of the rhizomes structure within the organization also forms an objective of this study.... ost synonymous to every day transactions made within the organization, thus a clear focus that is generally present amid the top level hierarchy facilitates to right decisions and the right time without much fault. The study will also include the counter arguments with respect to the relevance of the hierarchy within the organizations. The existence of the flatten organization is quite unmanageable at times. The invisible hierarchy remains within the flatten organizations as well. If the employees are bestowed with the responsibility to take the decisions freely without any supervision, the power- conflict arises within the organizations. Thus, the existence of the flatten structure without any centralized control within the organization can cause both short-term and long-term hindrances within the organizational premises. The relationship between the hierarchy and the â€Å"the tyranny of invisible† and the difference between the hierarchy and the hierarchism will also be inc luded within the study. The existence of the rhizomes structure within the organization also forms an objective of this study. Thesis Statement Hierarchy is sustainably/fundamentally relevant in the modern day organization. The Sustainable/Fundamental Relevance of Hierarchy in the Modern Day Organization Modern day organizations have various structural options. The structural options range from the traditional structure towards the better innovative and flexible schemes. The hierarchies differ within the structures and the effectiveness of the different structural scenarios followed within the organization upon the compliance of the structural framework with that of the strategic objective of the company/organization (Nestle, 2011). The various structures comprise the functional structure, the team

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

ART - Essay Example Hence, his warrior accessories entail a bow and arrow with a traditional shield for protection. The symbol of bravery in the form of brave feathers (hood) and a single feather in the hair shows his youth, lack of experience in the war affairs. Likewise, a chief would be observed wearing a complete feather head piece, but in the case of the portrait the young Native Indian American has a single Eagle feather in his hair. Two feathers on his bow depict that this warrior might have earned esteemed triumph in a short time. Lion on his shield represent his stamina and zeal to fight and possibly a Native Warrior grade given according to the custom of the tribe. This portrait of a warrior is a symbolic representation of youth with its apt cultural association. Thus, this young warrior is known for its association. He does not have a distinct identity besides his association. Yet, he is seen as a member of a rich culture not as an individual or prominent due to his own eminence. Closeness to nature and appreciation of mother earth has always been an Indian trait, thus, one can observe that this warrior has war accessories which are less modified and more close to their natural type. Therefore, the bow and arrow as a weapon, brave feathers as medal, horse as a mean to travel, shield probably made from animal skin and hand painted, his cloth saddle and his buckskin war shirt and kilt trousers emphasize his identity as a warrior from a tribe not a horse man minding his business in a meadow. The warrior in the portrait seems ready for war, thus, his facial expression show determinations, which has been a true intrinsic feature of Indian society. The fearless look on this young warrior makes him more admirable and most essentially remembered. This warrior with his customary war equipment is waiting for the sound of horse hoofs to echo around and thus, he could proceed in war as

Organizational Behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Behavior - Case Study Example A meeting was conducted with senior leadership at the law firm to discuss which of the three nominated employees should actually make partner. In this meeting, different attitudes regarding certain human resources policies were quite mixed as were the reactions from the attending leaders about which employees could provide the most long-term value in the role of partner. The main issue in this case is that there is a lack of unity when it comes to decision-making regarding who to elect as partner in the group. This is an organizational culture where policy is open to multitudes of different interpretations and nobody seems to have a clear handle on how these policies should be communicated regarding promotion opportunities. For example, the part-time employee up for partner nomination was not necessarily informed that moving to part-time status would impact her potential for reaching partner. None of the senior leaders can seem to agree on whether this is beneficial for the business long-term or whether it actually causes more harm in areas of corporate employee dedication. There are concerns within the senior leadership group that promoting Julie, the part-time employee in question, could set a policy precedent which gives too much flexibility to part-time staffers and could impact their ability to effectively carry out the role of partner. This di vision at senior leadership level is noticeable at the colleague level and at the employee level when they have access to read the meeting minutes. In terms of organizational behavior and culture, the lack of senior leadership unity regarding policy creation and implementation and their belief about how human resources impacts the business creates a culture of division. The process of promoting an individual to partner also seems to be ritualistic at the senior level, where they feel they must perform this annual

Why is the auto accident fatality rate so high for teenagers Essay

Why is the auto accident fatality rate so high for teenagers - Essay Example Analysts suggest 25 years as appropriate age for issuance of license. Certain countries are on the verge of passing law for licensing people at the age of 25. This will help in controlling ever increasing accidents in which teens are involved. However, various measures have helped in overcoming the teenage accidents. Teen age drivers are found involved in most of the traffic accidents in the world. Various factors contribute is increasing teenage car accidents. Important causes are night driving, use of alcohol, texting while driving, lack of driving skills, reckless driving, poor hazard detection and not wearing seat belts. National Highway Traffic Association released statistics in 2012 regarding teenage fatal and non-fatal accidents due to various causes (â€Å"Teenage Driver Crash Statistics†). According to statistics 16 years old cause 3.7 % more accidents than other age drivers. Crash rate for drivers between 16 to 19 years is 2.7 % more than any other age group. Accordingly citation is again 1.8% more in 16 years old drivers than other drivers. Alcohol used teenage drivers are causing 1.8% more accidents than other drivers in America. Teenagers are most dangerous when they are newly licensed. There are certain types of accidents where elders are mostly involved when compared to teenagers. Teenagers are inexperienced drivers after getting the license and this reason is major cause of accidents by them. Teenagers carrying teenager passengers are highly prone to accidents. Teenager passengers never try to correct driver on violations. Older drivers keep correcting teenage drivers while travelling in the same vehicle, which reduces the accident risk (â€Å"Teenage Driver Crash Statistics†). According to report published by pediatric, 5500 teenagers faced death due to automobile crashes in United States in year 2012. Few analysts do not agree but male teenagers’ cause 1% more accidents than females. Over speeding is a

Slave owners Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Slave owners - Thesis Example This research will begin with the statement that the institution of slavery was a dark era in the history of the American nation. Although now criticized as morally intolerable, several in colonial America believed that the economic growth of the United States was dependent upon forced laborers. Although it was a very popular form of labor during the early stages of American growth, it was very cruel and evil type of labor and Americans understood this; to be a slave owner you had to of had a mindset that was just purely focused on wealth and status and no respect for the black race at all. The owner and slave relationship was characterized by the domination of the owner over the slave. Force was the basis of this relationship and this idea was clearly articulated in the 1829 decision by a judge in North Carolina concerning the relationship between an owner and a slave. He wrote: With slavery ... the end is the profit of the master, his security and the public safety; the subject, one doomed in his own person, and his posterity, to live without knowledge, and without the capacity to make anything his own, and to toil that another may reap his fruits†¦. The power of the master must be absolute, to render the submission of the slave perfect. Another common aspect of American slavery was isolation. Africans were stolen away from their homes, families, and culture. Everything that was familiar to them was stripped away and they were then isolated in a new world.... laims of birth, they were also denied the right of creating family ties that would be recognized by the law.5 Selling children away from their parents was a common practice. The law did not recognize African slave relationships, and families could be ripped apart if masters desired. Selling husbands away from wives or children away from mothers was a common practice in America and was sometimes used as a threat of punishment.6 Some masters tried to keep families together; however this was rare. "Kenneth Stamp forcefully insists that the great majority of slaveholders chose business over sentiment and broke up families when under financial pressure."7 For most masters, monetary success tended to be more important than the happiness of slaves. African slaves in America were deemed social outcasts. They were thought to be strange and assumed to be savage. These were the major components in that sense of difference that provided the mental margin between masters and African slaves. They were never considered equals to whites and were placed at the bottom of the social hierarchy. As Winthrop Jordan wrote: They did not belong to the same community as Christians, or civilized Europeans. The focus of this "we-they" distinction was at first religious, later racial. †¦to be Christian was to be civilized rather than barbarous, English rather than African, white rather than black.8 African slaves were considered strangers by the white population and also among each other. They were taken from various areas throughout Africa and the chances of being enslaved with others from the same area or clan were slim.9 Owners could use slaves for whatever they pleased; slaves had no rights. They could not make basic decisions on their own such as what or when to eat. Slaves could not choose

Last poem Essay Example for Free

Last poem Essay Dogen was greatly surprised by the fact that making a strong accent on the study of koan Chinese masters did not teach their disciples Buddhist sutras, which made the core study in Buddhist monasteries in Japan (Tanahashi, 5). Dogen’s discontent with the style of teaching became even a reason of his refusal to take Dharma transmission from one of the masters. In 1225 Dogen decided to leave Rinzai school of Chan Buddhism and started his journey in order to visit Ru-jing, whose style of Zen teaching differed from ones which disenchanted Dogen. Ru-jing was the thirteenth patriarch of Soto lineage of Zen Buddhism. During that time he lived at Tiantong Mountain in Nongbo. Soto school, presented by Ru-jing made an accent on sitting meditation, or zazen. In general it used much softer methods than Rinzai School did. Studying Zen with Ru-jing Dogen has finally reached enlightenment of mind and body. The legends state that he finally reached liberation after hearing the Master’s words: â€Å"Cast of body and mind† (Tanahashi). These words became especially meaningful for Dogen and he later used them in many his writings. As he states in one of his works: †To study the Way is to study the self. To study the self is to forget the self. To forget the self is to be enlightened by all things of the universe. To be enlightened by all things of the universe is to cast off the body and mind of the self as well as those of others. Even the traces of enlightenment are wiped out, and life with traceless enlightenment goes on forever and ever† (Kim, 195). In 1227 Dogen received Dharma transmission from Ru-jing and finally admitted that he has reached the answer for the question of all his life. Dogen was greatly influenced by his teacher Ru-jing. All Dogen’s religious philosophy is marked by two major tendencies. The first peculiarity of all Dogen’s teaching is his attachment to Buddhism tradition and second one is a strong accent on individual search. These tendencies can be traced not only in Dogens’s books but also in his lifestyle. Dogen did not reject traditional Buddhism. He only wanted people to give critical evaluation of its doctrines and principles. Dogen criticized competition among different schools of Zen because they were tiring Buddhism to pieces. He proclaimed identity of faith and believed it could have been found in Soto Zen. He did not even want to apply the name Zen for his sect and did his best to follow his teacher’s lifestyle living without attachment to anything. In 1228, after reaching enlightenment, Dogen returned to Japan. He came back to ti Kennin-ji, a monastery where he spent several years learning from Eisai and his successors. After coming back he wrote a detailed description of sitting mediation called Zazen. The manual was called Fukan Zazengi, which can be translated as â€Å"Universally Recommended Instruction for Zazen. † His teaching appealed to many people and he gathered a lot of adherents around himself. After some time he had to leave Kennin-ji because of tension, which arouse inside the Tendai community. This tensions with caused by the desire of Buddhist leaders to suppress new forms of Buddhism, including Zen. Dogen left Kinnin-ji temple in 1230 and moved to empty temple situated to the south from Kyoto in the place called Uji (Tanahashi , 40). Dogen founded small temple in this place and soon this temple grew into Kosho-Hirniji Temple. The tension between Dogen and Tangai community did not stop, though. That is one of the reasons Dogen gladly accepted Hatano Yoshishige’s proposition to relocate to Echizen province, located far from Kyoto. After relocation Dogen’s disciples built a new center for Zen practice and called it Daibutsuji Temple. Dogen later renamed this center to Eihei-ji. This temple remains one of the most popular Zen temples in modern Japan. Dogen spent all his further life living and teaching in this temple. Shogun regent Hojo Tokiyori invited Dogen to come and teach him Zen in 1247. Dogen accepted this invitation and made a long journey to Kamakura in order to meet Shogun and retuned to Eihei-ji the next year. In 1252 Dogen became seriously ill and after realizing that he was not going to recover he gave his robes to his favorite disciple Koun Ejo. This way Koun Ejo became Abbot of Eihei-ji. After appointing Koun Ejo an abbot Dogen left for Kyoto looking for remedies from his illness. The remedy was not found and Dogen died in 1953. Soon before death he wrote his last poem.

Faculty Evaluation System Essay Example for Free

Faculty Evaluation System Essay A faculty evaluation system which is installed in our college is of great use to evaluate the faculty performance and their self development in the process. The value added system installed in place takes input of various feedbacks given not only by the students but also by the other faculties. The various feedbacks and advises are capitalized upon for deciding merit of the faculty. It overall encourages the faculties and ensures better focus towards research and development. The faculty evaluation system takes into account the following: 1. It evaluates the faculties on their performance, their integrity, their adherence to rules and regulations, their publication of journals and contribution towards research papers. 2. The feedbacks are in various forms, more likely in areas syllabus coverage, innovation, analysis, case study approaches, behavior and attitude (Bowers, 2005). 3. The various suggestions and feedbacks would ensure a change in the trait of the person for the betterment of the individual and the society at large. The astonishing fact is the acceptance of the system in the college as it not only fosters development but ensures innovation and making of a leader in every being. The analysis of the feedbacks is evaluated to a large extent by the system and the data evaluation is done quite well. The special feature is the trend analysis for the performance of the faculty and the very graph of performance is taken up. The system is designed in a very well coordinated manner for fetching large scale analysis of the various developments and ensures that right tracking is made possible (Arreola, 2003). References/Bibliography Arreola, A Raoul (2003). Developing a Comprehensive Faculty Evaluation System, Educational Psychology from Arizona State University. Bowers K. John (2005). Issues in Developing a Faculty Evaluation System. Retrieved 16, January 2009 from http://www. springerlink. com/index/X712557731J2WN54. pdf.

Skills Of A Manager Three Essential Skills Or Competencies Business Essay

Skills Of A Manager Three Essential Skills Or Competencies Business Essay A managers job is varied and complex. Managers need certain skills to perform the duties and activities associated with being a manager A mark of a good leader is to be able to provide consistent motivation to his team encouraging them to attain excellence and quality in their performance. A good leader is always looking for ways to improve production and standards. Here are six management skills you can develop as a leader in working to create a quality effective team The three essential skills or competencies are: 1. Technical skills involve process or technique knowledge and proficiency in a certain specialized field, such as engineering, computers, accounting, or manufacturing. These skills are more important at lower levels of management since these managers are dealing with employees doing the organizations work. The technical skill involves the managers understanding of the nature of job that people under him have to perform. It refers to a persons knowledge and proficiency in any type of process or technique. In a production department, this would mean an understanding of the technicalities of the process of production. Whereas this type of skill and competence seems to be more important at the lower levels of management, its relative importance as a part of the managerial role diminishes as the manager moves to higher positions. In higher functional positions, such as the position of a marketing manager or production manager, the conceptual component, related to these functional areas becomes more important and the technical component becomes less important and the technical component becomes less important. 2. Human Skills involve the ability to interact effectively with people. Managers interact and cooperate with employees. Because managers deal directly with people, this skill is crucial. Managers with good human skills re bale to get best out of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate, lead, and inspire enthusiasm and trust. These skills are equally important at all levels of management. Human skills are also the ability to interact effectively with people at all levels. This skill develops in the manager sufficient ability. a) To recognize the feelings and sentiments of others b) To judge the possible reactions to, and outcomes of various courses of action he may undertake and c) To examine his own concepts and values this may enable him to develop more useful attitudes about himself. 3. Conceptual Skills- involve the formulation of ideas, conceptualization about abstract and complex situations. Managers understand abstract relationships, develop ideas and solve problems creatively. Using these skills, managers must be able to see the organization as a whole. They have to understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how organization fits into its border environment. These skills are most important at the top management levels. Conceptual skills refer to the ability of a manager to take a broad and farsighted view of the organization and its future, his ability to think in abstract, his ability to analyze the forces working in a situation, his creative and innovative ability and his ability to assess the environment and the changes taking place in it. In short, it is his ability to conceptualize the environment, the organization, and his won job, so that he can set appropriate goals for his organization, for himself and for his team. This skill seems to increase in importance as a manager move up to higher positions of responsibility in the organization. Thus, technical skill deals with things, human skills concerns people, and conceptual-skill has to do with ideas. A manager is responsible for the successful implementation of management skills. A good manager needs to adhere to the basic management principles and exhibit the basic management skills in his/her personality. Basic Management Skills 1. Leadership: This is one of the most important management skills. Leadership comprises of the efficient organization of the resources in achieving a company goal. Leadership involves the management of human resources with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each member of the team. It is about leading the people and guiding them towards the accomplishment of a common goal. Leadership includes a just allocation of work to the resources, planning of the implementation of tasks assigned and helping the team with task completion. 2. Team Building: This is another basic management skill that includes dealing with people, the most important asset of an organization. Encouraging the team members to speak up, come up with ideas and allowing them to make mistakes and learn from them can be described as a team building skill. To build a team, one needs to foster the team spirit in all of the team members. For the team to feel motivated to work, it is important for a manager to cater to their expectations, recognize their strengths and understand where they lack. The building of a team is about building the team spirit in members and maintaining it. The skill lies in knowing the team and encouraging them to take initiative and enthusiastically participate in every venture of the company. 3. Communication and Presentation Skills: After having achieved the knowledge of a certain domain and on having imbibed the technical skills and more importantly self-confidence needed to be a manager, what one may lack are the soft skills, which are equally important in management. The soft skills encompass the communication and presentation skills. A manager should be open to his/her team. A manager should be able to accept constructive criticism. It is important for the manager to communicate his/her plans to the team and accept the team members inputs on the plan of action. Communication is a two-way activity and for it to remain so, a manager needs to possess listening skills. They help a manager understand his/her team members, invite their participation and earn their regard. Good presentation skills help a manager impressively communicate with the team. How you communicate? is as important as what you communicate? So, the presentation skills definitely matter. 4. Decision-making Skill: Many a time, quick decisions have to be made. In such cases it becomes necessary for a manager to grasp the situation, think about what can be done and thoughtfully analyze the consequences of the decision to be made. A problem-solving approach is also considered as one of the basic management skills. To look at a situation analytically, one needs to bear a problem-solving approach. One needs to reason every consequence and come up with the pros and cons of the decision. A manager needs to be a quick thinker. For taking the right decision, one cannot afford to panic. One has to keep his/her cool, be aware of the results of the decisions and be prepared for them. A manager can get opportunities to celebrate a business success. But it is equally probable that a manager is forced to handle the consequences of a wrong decision. Hence while it is necessary to distinguish between the right and the wrong, it is also necessary to be ready to accept the wrongs and deal with them. In short management skills are about making the right decisions and getting them executed by the right people. Thus, management skills are indeed all those things that effective management professionals do! Management Skills A Manager must utilize skills to effectively organize the team, to achieve a successful goal, in the least amount of time, and cost. Management skills are learned in school, by experience, and information gathered from   employees that worked with managers. A manager knows how to lead the team, but never be a dictator Listed below are management skills: Recruit and Interview: Managers recruit and interview the best candidates for the organization. Matching the education, experience, and knowledge, for a specific job. Letting each candidate know, what are the expectations, and receiving any suggestions. Organization: Organizing the team to achieve a specific goal. Delegating each team member, to an assigned task. Remembering, never to over extend responsibilities to one person. Always, having the confidence and giving respect to each member. Budget: Managing a budget is critically important for the financial integrity of any project. Under budgeting a project, may undermine the ability to get the project done on time or failure. Managing a project that is under budget, certainly is most desirable for the cost savings. Motivation: Managers can motivate their staff by praise and incentives, to create a friendly working environment, and having diligent employees, that are less likely to resign. Ethics: Managers should uphold business ethics. Disregarding ethical standards can ruin the reputation of a manager and the loss of respect earned from his employees, and clients. Ethics can be learned, but honesty comes from the heart 8 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR MANAGERIAL SKILLS Each year, thousands of people make the switch from staff engineer or scientist to manager. And, although many of us look forward to the change, we find it frustrating once we get there. When we were engineers, we were rewarded for our technical skills and labors in direct proportion to what we accomplished. But now, as a manager, our success is measured not by our own output hut by the output and productivity of the people we supervise. And that sense of not being in direct control can be a frustrating feeling. Fortunately, working with others and getting them to give you their best can be just as rewarding as technical accomplishments . . . once you get the hang of it. Here are eight tips that will help you to manage and to guide your people more effectively. The Human Touch The most valuable qualities you can develop within yourself are patience, kindness, and consideration for other people. Although machines and chemicals dont care whether you scream and curse at them, people do. Your subordinates are not just engineers, scientists, administrators, clerks, and programmers theyre people, first and foremost. People with families and friends, likes and dislikes. People with feelings. Respect them as people and youll get their respect and loyalty in return. But treat them coldly and impersonally and they will lose motivation to perform for you. Corny as it sounds, the Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have others do unto you à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœis a sound, proven management principle. The next time youre about to discipline a worker or voice your displeasure, ask yourself, Would I like to be spoken to the way Im thinking of speaking to him or her? Give your people the same kindness and consideration that you would want to receive if you were in their place. Dont Be Overly Critical As a manager, its part of your job to keep your people on the right track. And that involves pointing out errors and telling them where theyve gone wrong. But some managers are overly critical. Theyre not happy unless they are criticizing. They rarely accomplish much or take on anything new themselves, but they are only too happy to tell others where they went wrong, why theyre doing it incorrectly, and why they could do the job better. Dont be this type of person. Chances are, you have more knowledge and experience in your field than a good many of the people you supervise. But thats why the company made you the boss! Your job is to guide and teach these people not to yell or nit-pick or show them how dumb they are compared to you. Mary Kay Ash, founder and director of Mary Kay Cosmetics, says that successful managers encourage their people instead of criticizing them. Forget their mistakes, she advises, and zero in on one small thing they do right. Praise them and theyll do more things right and discover talents and abilities they never realized they had. Let Them Fail Of course, to follow through on Mary Kays advice, youve got to let your people make some mistakes. Does this shock you? Im not surprised. Most workers expect to be punished for every mistake. Most managers think its a black eye on their record when an employee goofs. But successful managers know that the best way for their people to learn and grow is through experience and that means taking chances and making errors. Give your people the chance to try new skills or tasks without a supervisor looking over their shoulders but only on smaller, less crucial projects. That way, mistakes wont hurt the company and can quickly and easily be corrected. On major projects, where performance is critical, youll want to give as much supervision as is needed to ensure successful completion of the task. Be Available Have you ever been enthusiastic about a project, only to find yourself stuck, unable to continue, while you waited for someone higher up to check your work before giving the go ahead for the next phase? Few things dampen employee motivation more than management inattention. As a manager, you have a million things to worry about besides the report sitting in your mailbox, waiting for your approval. But to the person who wrote that report, each days delay causes frustration, anger, worry, and insecurity. So, although youve got a lot to do, give your first attention to approving, reviewing, and okaying projects in progress. If employees stop by to ask a question or discuss a project, invite them to sit down for a few minutes. If youre pressed for time, set up an appointment for later that day, and keep it. This will let your people know you are genuinely interested in them. And thats something theyll really appreciate. Improve the Workplace People are most productive when they have the right tools and work in pleasant, comfortable surroundings. According to a study by the Buffalo Organization, a comfortable office environment creates an extra $1600 of productivity annually for professionals and managers. Having the right equipment is equally important. One of my clients recently hired a full-time technical writer at a salary of $25,000, but was reluctant to invest $2500 in a word processor for him to use. I explained that, in my experience, a word processor can easily double the productivity of a writer. Therefore, if the writer was expected to produce $25,000 worth of work with a typewriter, he could produce $50,000 with a word processor an extra $25,000 a year in productivity for a $2500 investment! The client bought the computer. Both the company and the writer were delighted with the results. Be aware that you may not be the best judge of what your employees need to do their jobs effectively. Even if youve done the job yourself, someone else may work best with a different set of tools, or in a different setup because each person is different. If your people complain about work conditions, listen. These complaints are usually not made for selfgain, but stem from each workers desire to do the best job possible. And by providing the right equipment or work space, you can achieve enormous increases in output . . . open with a minimal investment. A Personal Interest in People When is the last time you asked your secretary how her son was doing in Little League or how she enjoyed her vacation? Good salespeople know that relating to the customer on a person-to-person level is the fastest way to win friends and sales. Yet many technical managers remain aloof and avoid conversation that does not relate directly to business. Why? Perhaps its because engineers are more comfortable with equations and inanimate objects than with people, and feel uncomfortable in social situations. But just as a salesperson wants to get to know his customer, you can benefit by showing a little personal interest in your people their problems, family life, health, and hobbies. This doesnt have to be insincere or overdone just the type of routine conversation that should naturally pass between people who work closely. If youve been ignoring your employees, get into the habit of taking a few minutes every week (or every day) to say hello and chat for a minute or two If an employee has a personal problem affecting his mood or performance, try to find out what it is and how you might help. Send a card or small gift on important occasions and holidays, such as a 10th anniversary with the firm or a birthday. Often, it is the little things we do for people (such as letting workers with long commutes leave early on a snowy day, or springing for dinner when overtime is required) that determine their loyally to you. Be Open to Ideas You may think the sign of a good manager is to have a department where everybody is busy at work on their assigned tasks. But if your people are merely doing their jobs, theyre only working at about half their potential. A truly productive department is one in which every employee is actively thinking of better, more efficient methods of working ways in which to produce a higher quality product. in less time, at lower cost. To get this kind of innovation from your people, you have to be receptive to new ideas; whats more, you have to encourage your people to produce new ideas. Incentives are one way you can offer a cash bonus, time off, a gift. But a more po ­tent form of motivation is simply the employees knowing that management does listen and does put employee suggestions and ideas to work. Quality Circles, used by Westinghouse and other major firms, are one way of putting this into action The old standby, the suggestion box. is another time tested method. And when you listen to new ideas, be open minded. Dont shoot down a suggestion before youve heard it in full. Many of us are too quick, too eager, to show off our own experience and knowledge and say that something wont work because weve tried it before or we dont do it that way. Well, maybe you did try it before, but that doesnt mean it wont work now. And having done things a certain way in the past doesnt mean youve necessarily been doing them the best way. A good manager is open-minded and receptive to new ideas. Give Your People a Place to Go If a worker doesnt have a place to go a position to aspire to, a promotion to work toward then his job is a dead end. And dead-end workers are usually bored, unhappy, and unproductive. Organize your department so that everyone has opportunity for advancement, so that there is a logical progression up the ladder in terms of title, responsibility, status, and pay. If this isnt possible because your department is too small, perhaps that progression must inevitably lead to jobs outside the department. If so, dont hold people back; instead, encourage them to aim for these goals so that they will put forth their best efforts during all the years they are with you. Planning and Controlling Planning The process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals. Controlling Management control describes the means by which the actions of individuals or groups within an organization are constrained to perform certain actions while avoiding other actions in an effort to achieve organizational goals. Management control falls into two broad categories-regulative and normative controls-but within these categories are several types. Planning and controlling are two separate fuctions of management, yet they are closely related. The scope of activities if both are overlapping to each other. Without the basis of planning, controlling activities becomes baseless and without controlling, planning becomes a meaningless exercise. In absense of controlling, no purpose can be served by. Therefore, planning and controlling reinforce each other. According to Billy Goetz, Relationship between the two can be summarized in the following points Planning preceeds controlling and controlling succeeds planning. Planning and controlling are inseperable functions of management. Activities are put on rails by planning and they are kept at right place through controlling. The process of planning and controlling works on Systems Approach which is as follows : Planning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Results  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corrective Action Planning and controlling are integral parts of an organization as both are important for smooth running of an enterprise. Planning and controlling reinforce each other. Each drives the other function of management. In the present dynamic environment which affects the organization, the strong relationship between the two is very critical and important. In the present day environment, it is quite likely that planning fails due to some unforeseen events. There controlling comes to the rescue. Once controlling is done effectively, it give us stimulus to make better plans. Therefore, planning and controlling are in separate functions of a business enterprise. Types of Plan A business plan is basically a road map to success for your business. Many individuals have great ideas for businesses, but can never get that business off of the ground. A business plan details all of the facets of a business and explains how it will be successful. If you are thinking of beginning a business, start with a business plan. There a few different types of business plans; as a business owner, you should use these as a guide to thinking about how to make your business work Feasibility Plan A feasibility plan should be the first thing you complete. This outlines the chances that a start-up venture will be successful. It should detail the money needed for the start-up, regular expenses and the price of offered goods and services. Essentially, it examines whether the venture is worth pursuing. Start-Up Plan This is the most common type of business plan. A start-up plan details all of the things you need to do to begin the business. It should cover many details, including the products or services that youll be providing, the marketing strategies you plan to employ, the team or employees that you will be using and a financial analysishow you plan to pay for all of it. Answering these questions can help you think more in-depth about your business venture and put a plan in action. Strategic Plan A strategic plan deals with the strategy you plan to employ for a certain project. Perhaps you plan to launch a new product or offer a new service. Perhaps you want to lower your marketing budget, or restructure the company. This can all be done with a strategy plan, where you brainstorm how a project can be done. Growth Plan A growth plan is necessary for those who own businesses that are moderately successful, and who are ready for the next level: growth. A growth plan details how the business will grow. It gives a target date or a basic itinerary for the projected growth period, and details how that growth will take place: perhaps through aggressive marketing, more investors or better production. Operations Plan An operations plan is an internal plan that is usually not meant for investors or clients, but for the owner and employees only. This should detail how the business is meant to run. It can include upcoming projects, events and milestones for the business. It can also detail different employees responsibilities. Long Term Plan A long-term planning for MIS is essential as its focus is strategic in nature, and are long term in nature and hence its development and budgeting has to be planeed for if MIS is to be used and expanded but some parts are also medium term as in tactical, and short term as in operational. Without a long term plan integrating MIS of all three levels is difficult. Since business plan are by nature long term, its integration with MIS and its support to strategic nature is also long term. MIS is very much part of a business operation as it is like any long term assets, such as building and equipment. Without infomation or MIS, a transaction, plans required to managed becomes very difficult to compete in todays world without information. Short Term Plan In real world business terms, short term plans are plan made to last anywhere between 3 and 12 months. Medium term plans can be between 1 and 3 to 5 years. In general, a plan with a planning horizon of five years or less. Also called short range plan. Single-Use Plans Single-use plans   are   essentially   one-time   use   plans having a specific goal or objective. They may run for a few days or last several years. Projects, programs, and budgets are commonly thought of as single-use plans. Planning is looking ahead and controlling is looking back Standing Plans Standing plans consist of policies,   procedures,   and regulations. They exist to guide you in the absence of higher authority. They enable you to make rational, informed, consistent decisions and plans   without constantly   Ã‚  consulting   Ã‚  higher   Ã‚  levels   Ã‚  of   Ã‚  command. Standing plans exist until canceled or changed by higher authority Planning is looking ahesd and controlling os looking back Planning is Looking Ahead is true because it contributes heavily to success and gives us some control over the future. By, planning we set aside our tasks and deadlines so we can enlarge our mental focus and seeing the bigger picture. By, planning we can set our Personal or organizational goals and for this defiantly we have to look ahead. But, Planning is not ending with such strategies or guidelines. It has relation with Implementation and controls. Because plans are not always proceed as conceived. The control process measures progress towards goal attainment and indicate corrective action if too much deviation is detected. Controlling investigates whether planning was successful. Controlling referred to as terminal management function, takes place after the other functions have been completed. And for this process we have to look back and have to analyze the performance of our planning, organizing and leading. And therefore we have to look back also. So, yes we can say Control is looking back for Investigation, Analysis, and Understandings and for checking our effectiveness and efficiency. Types of Control Regulative Controls Normative Controls Bureaucratic Controls Team Norms Financial Controls Organizational Cultural Norms Quality Controls The following section addresses regulative controls including bureaucratic controls, financial controls, and quality controls. The second section addresses normative controls including team norms and organization cultural norms. REGULATIVE CONTROLS Regulative controls stem from standing policies and standard operating procedures, leading some to criticize regulative controls as outdated and counter-productive. As organizations have become more flexible in recent years by flattening organizational hierarchies, expanding organizational boundaries to include suppliers in inventory management and customers in new product development, forging cooperative alliances with competitors, and developing virtual organizations in which employees are geographically dispersed and may meet only a few time each year, critics point out that regulative controls may prevent rather promote goal attainment. There is some truth to this. Customer service representatives at Holiday Inn are limited in the extent to which they can correct mistakes involving guests. They can move guests to a different room if there is excessive noise in the room next to the guests room. In some instances, guests may get a gift certificate for an additional night at another Holiday Inn if they have had a particularly bad experience. In contrast, customer service representatives at Tokyos Marriott Inn have the latitude to take up to $500 off a customers bill to solve complaints. The actions of customer service representatives at both Holiday Inn and Marriott Inn must follow policies and procedures, yet those at Marriott are likely to feel less constrained and more empowered by Marriotts policies and procedures compared to Holiday Inn customer service representatives. The key in terms of management control is matching regulative controls such as policies and procedures with organizational goals such as customer satisfaction. Each of the three types of regulative controls discussed in the next few paragraphs has the potential to align or misalign organizational goals with regulative controls. The challenge for managers is striking the right balance between too much control and too little. BUREAUCRATIC CONTROLS Bureaucratic controls stem from lines of authority and this authority comes with ones position in the organizational hierarchy. The higher up the chain of command, the more an individual will have authority to dictate policies and procedures. Bureaucratic controls have gotten a bad name and often rightfully so. Organizations placing too much reliance on chain of command authority relationships inhibit flexibility to deal with unexpected events. However, there are ways managers can build flexibility into policies and procedures that make bureaucracies as flexible and able to quickly respond to customer problems as any other form of organizational control. Consider how hospitals, for example, are structured along hierarchical lines of authority. Table 2 Definition and Examples of Regulative Controls Type of Regulative Control Definition Example Bureaucratic Controls Policies and operating procedures Employee handbook Financial Controls Key financial targets Return on investment Quality Controls Acceptable levels of product or process variation Defects per million The Board of Directors is at the top, followed by the CEO and then the Medical Director. Below these top executives are vice presidents with responsibility for overseeing various hospital functions such as human resources, medical records, surgery, and intensive care units. The chain of command in hospitals is clear; a nurse, for example, would not dare increase the dosage of a heart medication to a patient in an intensive care unit without a physicians order. Clearly, this has the potential to slow reaction times-physicians sometimes spread their time across hospital rounds for two or three hospitals and also their individual office practice. Yet, it is the nurses and other direct care providers who have the most contact with patients and are in the best position to rapidly respond to changes in a patients condition. The question bureaucratic controls must address is: How can the chain of command be preserved while also building flexibility and quick response times into the system? One way is through standard operating procedures that delegate responsibility downward. Some hospital respiratory therapy departments, for example, have developed standard operating procedures (in health care terms, therapist-driven protocols or TDPs) with input fro

Tennis Essay -- essays research papers

As we all know, America is a nation of sports enthusiasts. Most Americans participate is some kind of sporting event, either as a spectator or as a competitor. In the pantheon of great American sports, there is one that stands out. It has been called the great American pastime. Yes, that great sport known as tennis. Tennis requires a mastery of many skills to be able to play competitively, but the primary skill needed to win in tennis is the serve. The serve is the primary offensive weapon used I tennis, because it is the only time when a player gets to put a ball into play. The player controls the speed, the placement, and the spin of the ball. With proper procedure, the serve can win many points and games for the server. The technique I will demonstrate is used by most professional ten...

Modern Day Prophets: Islam versus Christianity Essay -- Essays Papers

Modern Day Prophets: Islam versus Christianity In today’s world of chaos and war, many people are turning to religion. People look to organized religion not only for solace but on the contrary, they also look to attribute cause for the world’s woes. The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11th has many people looking to the religion of Islam for a culprit, as the men who flew the planes were Israeli suicide missionaries. These men thought themselves to be on a mission from God (Allah). This implies that they were acting on the words of a prophet, or thought themselves prophets. In response to this, I decided to research the major religions in today’s world that rely on modern day prophets for guidance. By doing so, I am attempting to prove the religion of Islam innocent by comparing it to many other religions that have similar structure but no terrorist intentions. The first question we come to when studying religions based on the teachings of modern prophets is this: can modern prophets exist? Christianity, one of the three major religions followed today, says yes. â€Å"†¦The Wisdom of God said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, and some of them they will kill and some of them they will persecute†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ † (Holy Bible) This quote from Christianity’s great rule book also predicts that when prophets do come to the Earth, people will not accept them as such. This is fairly accurate in Christians’ reactions to religions that have their basis in Christianity but have diverged from the church into their own sects. One of the largest and strongest divergent sects of Christianity is known commonly as Mormonism. Mormons believe that there have been prophets in the past, so why should there not be pr... ...ny different faiths from an unbiased perspective: the Unification Church section. [6] Holy Bible. Book of Revelation, Chapter 12: verse 17. [7] https://webmail.stanford.edu/silkymail_pop/imp/login.php3 A sampling of statements regarding Mrs. Eddy’s place in Bible prophecy, which have been published by the Christian Science Publishing Society. [8] http://205.180.85.40/w/pc.cgi?mid=14891&sid=7271 Jehovah’s Witnesses and the use of the word â€Å"prophet.† [9] http://www.urantiafoundation.org/about.html A website about the Urantia Book and the subsequent Urantia Foundation. [10] http://www.geocities.com/muhammadsite.html A site explicating the role of Muhammad within history and the religion of Islam. [11] http://allafrica.com/stories/200211290320.html An interview with an Islamis scholar, Sidi Ali, concerning the terrorist attacks in the Middle East.

Griffins Egg: Gunther :: essays research papers

Griffin's Egg: Gunther   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Griffin's Egg is a story about Gunther, a man who lives on the moon. And his adventures,as he gets into all kinds of situatutions. He, along with many others, have inhabited the moon because Earth is engauged in a full thermonuclier war. The dangers of the moon however, also come along. Solar flares, dangerous robots, CMP chips, and many more dangers await Gunther on the moon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As gunther is delivering some fuel rods to the G5 Assembly Plant, a Surface Warning is broadcast, this is high levels of radiation caused by a solar flare. He is 30 minutes away from the nearest shelter, and the advisory is for 20 minutes. He finds a way to make a rig to sit under the truck, so he would be shielded from the radiation. He also uses his robot, Siegfried, to control the movement of the truck while he is riding under it, on his way to the plant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When he finally made it so the plant, he went inside to find it filled with thick, smoke-like mist. His light only distorts the images, so he turns it off and gets used to the dark room. When his eyes finally got adjusted, it was just in time, because just then a big metal puncher came by and punched a hole in the ground right next to him. He stumbled away, only to find that the robot was following him. He ran into the shelter and closed the door, sealing the robot outside of the shelter. The shelter was s small room, just big enough to fit a cot, a chemical toilet, and a rebreather with spare oxygen tanks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A while later, after the flare was over, the CMP chips, which has been implanted in everyone's brain that had come to the moon, was being used against them. Krishna, a scientist, found that if he broadcasted over the chips frequency, he could make hypnotic suggestions to the people with the chips. Gunther had to find a way to stop this, so he and another scientist, Hiro,

Government Regulation of the Oil Industry: Keystone Pipeline Essay

The Keystone Pipeline has been in news for several months and has been the subject of scrutiny, political bantering and environmentalist activism. Keystone Pipeline is a transcontinental synthetic oil project that runs from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Construction of such a pipeline bears many risk associated with ecosystem disruption and environmental hazards. President Obama blocked the pipeline’s extension noting several studies that the pipeline would have adverse impact on air and water supplies. Its original route crosses the Sandhills in Nebraska, the large wetland ecosystem, and the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the largest reserves of fresh water in the world. The Ogallala Aquifer spans eight states, provides drinking water for two million people, and supports $20 billion in agriculture. A major leak could ruin drinking water and devastate the mid-western U. S. economy. (Source: WikiPedia) Almost by default, the opposition party rebutted the president’s decision claiming he was a killer of jobs. Studies completed for Keystone has demonstrated that approximately 2,000 employees would be needed to complete the pipeline and about 25% of that would be permanent employment. In my view the potential environmental cost outweigh the economic ones in this situation. Keystone supporters purport the necessity in its construction to curb our dependence on foreign imports for energy. The cost to extra the sand, refine it to a now synthetic oil, transport it across country by far produces more energy than will actually be used in its life cycle. Government regulation, in this instance, has proven mildly effective. Given that we are now in an election season, this â€Å"job destroying vote† may come back to bite.

Christmas †8th Grade Expository Example Essay

â€Å"City sidewalks, busy sidewalks dressed in holiday style†¦ In the air, there’s a feeling of Christmas†¦Ã¢â‚¬  My favorite holiday has always been Christmas. I love everything about it! One of the best things about Christmastime is that we get such a long time off from school. In addition to that, my family flies back home to Pennsylvania in December, so we always get to see snow. We also spend time with family and friends playing games and exchanging gifts, which is always a lot of fun. Of all the holidays, I think Christmas is the best! Towards the end of December, we all really need a break, and Christmas Break comes at just the right time, lasting just over two weeks! It’s so nice to have off from school at a time when there’s great holiday music on the radio and great sales in all the stores. Not to mention the fantastic foods filling my plate as I go to all the holiday get-togethers. I don’t like too many gatherings, though, sometimes I just like to rest. I try to spend most of my time on the long break relaxing and enjoying family. Speaking of family, I get to fly back home to Pennsylvania over Christmas Break to visit my relatives. It is always snowy in Pennsylvania in December, so that’s an exciting part our vacation for my sister and me. We go to my cousins’ house and ride four wheelers in the snow, pulling inner tubes behind them. Our parents usually get some great videos of us playing in the snow. Last year we stayed outside so long in a snowstorm, that our hair was caked with snow by the time we came in! It looked like we had white dreadlocks! It is always so fun having adventures with my cousins, aunts, uncles, and grandparents back home in Pennsylvania. In addition to all of our snowy adventures, we also spend lots of time indoors with famil y and friends playing games and exchanging gifts. My grandma buys tons of little gifts – mostly candy and dollar store items, but a few nice things, too – that she wraps up and uses as prizes in a game that the whole family plays. There are about twenty of us sitting around her long dining room table, and we roll dice for about two minutes. Whenever anyone rolls doubles, they get to take a present. When all the presents are gone, but there’s still time on the clock, you get to steal someone else’s present! It’s kind of hard to explain, but it’s the most fun our family has at the holidays. Spending time with all of my family over Christmas Break is a great time that is very special to me†¦and getting little gifts is an added bonus! Just like most people I know, I think Christmas is the best holiday ever! Having such a long time off from school is a much-needed break in the middle of the school year. Because the break is so long, my family can fit in time to fly back home to Pennsylvania to have some fun playing in the snow. The fun continues indoors with family games and gifts, always a highlight of the vacation. This vacation is something I look forward to all year round. Christmas brings me so much happiness†¦just like those Silver Bells. â€Å"Ring-a-ling†¦.Hear them ring†¦ Soon it will be Christmas Day.†

Human Freedom Essay

In its simplest definition, freedom is the condition of being free from restraints. This condition can be experienced by any living things most especially humans. However, in the complexity of human rationality and mobility, freedom takes deeper meanings and perception depending on human condition and circumstances. The definition of human freedom ranges from philosophical to theological discussions and their translation into day to day experiences. Freedom is the ability of an individual to move freely, to act, to decide, to believe what he or she wants and to freely shape his or her existence without restraints or limitations. But in the context of culture, there has been no absolute freedom. Since time immemorial there has been limitations and boundaries created for humans not to fully exercise their freedom of being. Moreover, these boundaries leave the individual into facing the consequences of each action, decision or belief being made. The fact that we are governed by institutions and that there are strata in the society limits individuals exercise of freedom. On the other hand, the exercise of human freedom is not solely of the individual. There are many circumstances when freedom becomes of the community or society exercising it together at a given time. Though there are the so-called personal choices that individuals make on their own capacity to think and decide, more often than not, the result involves some people or a large scale community. The concept of freedom is often illustrated with being in jail or immobility. However, the â€Å"unfreedom† is more than the presence of structural restraints and limitations. Most of the time, the opposite of freedom is demonstrated in the level culture and the inability to access services provided by the society or government. Human Unfreedom For individuals to fully understand the concept of freedom, we must first understand the avenues where unfreedom is experienced. According to G. C. Berkouwer, â€Å"This ‘unfreedom’ is so evident and frequent in the history of mankind that we must all the impressed by it, by the impressive evidence of dictatorships, deportations, and all sorts of destruction of freedom; and besides, an individual may feel his freedom cramped by physical or psychical weakness, which hinders expression of man’s full nature. † Prior to dictatorships, culture is one of the primary restraints of freedom. For example, it is cultural that some parents chose the life path of their children. They direct them into what they want these children to become into the future thus hindering the development of individuality and exercising their own talents and gifts in the ways they see them fit their future. Laws, as part of culture, are undeniably limiting the exercise of freedom. Whether it’s logical to cross the street in the nearest possible point, the lawful is to cross using pedestrian lanes or footbridges or else suffer the consequences of being fined or imprisoned. Many people actually regard cultural norms and laws as restraints to the exercise of freedom and curtail their ability to explore what they want in shaping their lives and future. Many people take the risk of deviating from these regulations and boundaries to show an accomplishment in fostering their capability to think for themselves. The risk, however, involves other people in the community to serve as witnesses or critiques, moreover, individuals who diverted will suffer humiliation. The inability to access primary services and needs like clothing, shelter, food, health care and education also restricts the individuals’ or community’s exercise of freedom. When people, families or communities are denied of these basic rights, the freedom to act is also being restricted and denied. Food, shelter and clothing uplifts dignity to an individual. In a society where people are often judged by what they eat, wear or where they live, these needs should be supplied for an individual to exercise the freedom to be a part of a community whether of religious or secular. The denial or inaccessibility of quality education also threatens the exercise of freedom in many different ways. For example, people are classified according to their educational attainment or even to the schools or universities where they studied. Whether or not some individuals are qualified to a job post, they are judged according to how they dress or compose themselves and to the kind of community they come from. Fostering Freedom Given all the definitions above, there are still ways for individuals to fully exercise and foster their freedom of being and existence. Considering that limitations and restraints are already existing in any given form, be it cultural, social or governmental, the best way is to make freedom valuable and co-existent with the former. Following cultural norms could actually make an individual fully aware of his or her freedom of choice. It is a choice between social suffering and the freedom to be his- or herself amid restrictions. Following laws is best form of the exercise of freedom than being penalized as a consequence of disobeying. Freedom is being able to choose what it right at the right time and at the right place. For the children, older generation should allow them to exercise their freedom by teaching them the consequences of the opposite while enabling them to fully discover who they are in the process. Should parents be frustrated to what they have become, they should not turn to their children to fulfill to what they have not become; rather allow them to choose the life they want whenever they are already capable of doing so. Reference G. C. Berkouwer. (1962). Man: The Image of God. Eerdmans: Grand Rapids, Mississippi. Retrieved April 9, 2009 from http://www. the-highway. com/freedom1_Berkouwer. html

Bluest Eye Essay

she besides retrieve how her sister usage to soothe her by singing to her. With that incident. she remembered that love was present. it is an understood though non straight expressed feeling. The MacTeer family had an add-on ; the first 1 was Mr. Henry Washington who lived with Mrs. Della Jones who already grew old and was left by her hubby who was believed to hold run off with another adult female. Another one is Pecola Breedloove. she is to be commiseration with because her male parent put their household house into ashes and now she’s under the country’s detention. Miss Breedlove. being a portion of the MacTeer household. loves to imbibe milk utilizing Shirley temple cup but Claudia expressed how she ever disliked the Shirley temple and the doll which has giver her as a present for Christmas. She tends to cognize why everyone thinks that the fair-haired doll is beautiful and where could its â€Å"beauty† be found. It was in the afternoon of Saturday when Pecola drank three quarts of milk and Mrs. MacTeer got huffy because of that. the sisters tried to avoid her when Pecola starts shed blooding. Frieda thought that Pecola was merely holding her menses and tried to put a tablet to the latter’s frock. Pecola so all of a sudden asked how babes are made. and so Frieda answered her that she has to happen person to love her first. It is on the Saturday forenoon of October. Mrs. Breedlove aftermaths foremost and started out a sudden explosion of action in the kitchen. Pecola is still in bed but she knows that her female parent will get down a battle with his male parent. The twosome battle between Cholly and his married woman became a everyday every after he gets home rummy. their boy Sammy would really either fall in the battle or run off from place while Pecola would happen a manner of how to stand the state of affairs. Mrs. Breedlove would inquire Cholly to convey her some coal for the range but Cholly would decline to make so and she says that one time she sneezing and gets cold from bringing the coal outside. so the hubby is in problem. Unfortunately Mrs. Breedlove sneezed so the battle started. The married woman would utilize a pan to hit her hubby so their boy would assist her female parent by hitting his male parents head. Once Cholly knocks out. Sammy would inquire his female parent to kill his male parent quick but so his female parent would hush him. On the contrary. Pecola still lies on her bed feeling sick. She even wishes she could merely vanish. She hates herself for her ugliness. her instructor and schoolmates would normally disregard her. She hopes for a blue oculus because she believes that that would do her expression reasonably merely like fair-haired Mary Jane pictured in the confect negligee. Pecola goes to see the cocottes populating above their flat. They are sort to her and would ever state her narratives about their â€Å"boyfriends† who are their clients. China. Poland. and Miss Marie are adult females who are non said to be a victim by their profession. they merely dislike work forces. They don’t experience ashamed of what they are. Pecola was so funny how it is likely to be in love or what love is like. She wonders if love is like her parent’s when doing love ; his male parent doing sounds as if agony in hurting while her female parent is quiet. The winter came when a new miss charmed the whole school. Maureen Peal has a cabinet next to Claudia’s and one twenty-four hours the new comer asked the MacTeer sisters if she could fall in them for walk place. The three misss saw Pecola who was harassed by a circle of male childs they bully her and tease her for holding a dark tegument. Frieda hit a male child and threatens the other. Claudia came in to assist her sister and it seems that the male childs where ready to give the sisters a battle but so Maureen arrived and looks like the male childs did non desire to contend in forepart of her and merely left. Maureen asked the misss if they wanted to hold some ice pick and tends to handle merely Pecola. Claudia on the other manus felt abashed and went on without ice pick. The misss started speaking about menses. Pecola was asked if she had of all time seen her male parent bare and answered that she ne’er did but Maureen continued the issue though the sister told her to halt. The misss argued and Claudia started on impeaching Maureen that the miss is a boy-crazy piece Maureen would state them that they are ugly and that they are black. Pecola was hurt and Claudia was alarmed that what the other miss said is a fact. When the misss got home. they saw Henry entertaining Miss Marie and China. Claudia and Frieda disliked it because they know that their female parent hated those misss. These cocottes come in after Mrs. MacTeer leaves the house. Frieda would inquire Mr. Henry about them but the latter would lie and state her that they are merely members of his bible-study group. A black adult female named Geraldine who was married to adult male named Louis has a kid named junior. Geraldine gives a existent first-class attention of junior physically but early on. the kid understands that her female parent is non capable of giving them fondness ; the adult female would demo fondness merely to cats. As a consequence to this. junior would torment a cat or make something probably to ache the animal. Junior would wish to play with inkinesss but his female parent would non let him to play with what they consider a Low-class or nigga. One clip when Geraldine was out Junior asked Pecola to play with him and promised the miss to demo her some kitty. Pecola was overwhelmed by the beauty of the house. interim. junior throw a cat into her face that scratched her. Pecola tried to go forth but so junior stopped him from the door. The cat begun to wish her and Junior was irritated that Pecola got the cat’s attending. Junior threw the cat and hit the radiator. the cat fell down lifelessly. Geraldine was back by so and saw the cat. on the other manus junior said that Pecola was the 1 who killed it and so Geraldine told Pecola that she was a â€Å"nasty small black bitch† . Now Cholly came home rummy once more finds Pecola busy making the dishes. With mix desires of tenderness and lunacy of fury. Cholly raped his ain girl Pecola. She so swoons and when she wakes up she founds her female parent gazing down at her. In Loraine’s black community a light-skinned who was raised from the West was â€Å"self declared reader so as an adviser† . he is Soaphead church. He was a married adult male but was all of a sudden left two months afterwards so he discovered that he does non suit his profession and so he studied psychopathology and other societal scientific disciplines. had different occupations and eventually came to populate in Lorain. He rents a back from Bertha Reese and the lone job that he has with it is the landlady’s Canis familiaris which disgusts him. He planned to kill the Canis familiaris but every clip he tries he hesitates to travel near it. Pecola came to inquire Soaphead Church for bluish eyes. he understands Pecola and was touched by the child’s petition. He understand her through his ain attractive force to whiteness. he knows that he could non assist her but he told Pecola that she should give Bob. the Canis familiaris. a meat that he in secret poisoned. He said that if the Canis familiaris shows any reaction. her wants will so come true. The Canis familiaris that so ate the meat convulsed and earlier died. Pecola seeing the reaction of the Canis familiaris ran off. Meanwhile Soaphead remembers two kids who let him touch them in exchange of money and Sweets and wrote a missive to god stating that he had ne’er touched Pecola and that he Rivaled God for he had granted Pecola’s wish. It is besides said that she will non literally have her bluish eyes but because of the incident. she will believe she now does. Claudia and Frieda noticed that Pecola was inseminated by her ain male parent who had already run off. The whole vicinity was disgusted by that fact but some of them besides blamed Pecola. When her female parent Pauline found her. she hit her difficult. and beat her until she about loses her breath. The MacTeer sisters were sorrowed by the fact that none of the grownup at their topographic point seem to care for Pecola. In the contrary. Claudia made an thought on her head about how the babe looks like. She imagined that the babe with all the beautiful characteristics ; eyes. lips and tegument. They tend to assist hapless Pecola by praying for her and by giving a forfeit ; they plan to bury the money into Pecola’s house and they will works the remainder of the marigold seeds into their ain pace ( bookrags ) . Pecola started her lunacy and is ever conceive ofing that she has a new friend. Her fanciful friend would state her unfavorable judgments for looking at her ain image at the mirror ; Pecola would get down to inquire about how her eyes are so admiringly bluish and inquire her fanciful friend if her eyes are the bluest 1s. She thinks that all the people around her are covetous of her that’s why no 1 dares to look or gaze at her non even her female parent. Then Pecola’s friend would get down speaking about her male parent. and would state her that Mrs. Breedlove must truly lose her hubby really much because they are doing love a batch. The fanciful friend would impeach Pecola that she liked her father’s sexual progresss during the 2nd clip that Cholly raped her. Pecola got angry and decided to travel on to their first subject about her bluish eyes. Claudia and Frieda felt that they failed because their marigold seed ne’er grew and Pecola’s babe was born without life. Cholly died finally in a workhouse and Mrs. Breedlove and Pecola moved into a new topographic point. Claudia thought that it is the people who stand as the clime for a certain individual who tend to be the flower to bloom ( Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye ) . Citations: †Claudia and Frieda thought that it was because Pecola is holding her father’s babe that the seed of the marigold flower did non grow† ( p. 5 ) . This is when Claudia narrated her friend’s being pregnated by Pecola’s ain male parent ( novelguide. com ) . â€Å"Nuns go by every bit quiet as lecherousness. and bibulous work forces and sober eyes sing in the anteroom of the Grecian hotel ( p. 9 ) ( â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) it explains that in the fall or the start of the narrative. the people are non who they are every bit said to be. â€Å"We stare at her. desiring her staff of life. but more than that desiring to jab the haughtiness out of her eyes and nail the pride of ownership that curls her mastication oral cavity ( p. 9 ) . â€Å" ( novelguide. com ) it is when Claudia stated how she hated Villanucci non because of the things that the individual possess but because of her attitude towards the societal position that she has. â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some clip ago that if her eyes. those eyes that held the images. and knew the sights-if those eyes of hers were different. that is to state. beautiful. she herself would be different ( P. 46 ) ( novelguide. com ) . † Pecola believed that her life would be different if merely her eyes would turn into bluish. â€Å"She looks up at him and sees the vacuity where wonder ought to lodge and something more. the entire absence of human recognition-the glassy discreteness. † ( p. 48 ) ( novelguide. com ) it is when Pecola went out to purchase confect and the proprietor of the shop did non look to appreciate the beauty she has as a kid. â€Å"The line between colored and nigger was non ever clear ( novelguide. com ) ; elusive and revealing marks threatened to gnaw it. and the ticker had to be changeless. † ( p. 87 ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) This explains how Geraldine tried to conceal the existent visual aspect of junior by taking good attention of him and his true tegument tone. â€Å"She was secure and grateful ; he was sort and lively. † ( p. 116 ) ( novelguide. com ) . The storyteller stated how the twosome. Pauline and Cholly. went good at the beginning of their relationship. â€Å"She was ne’er able. after her instruction in the films. to look at a face and non delegate it some class in the graduated table of absolute beauty. and the graduated table was one she absorbed in full from the Ag screen. † ( p. 122 ) ( novelguide. com ) . Pauline. the female parent of Pecola believed that she could non be compared with other white individual and that she is non beautiful harmonizing to the criterions of white. â€Å"Her simpleness decorated us ; her guilt sanctified us. her hurting made us glow with wellness. † ( p. 205 ) ( novelguide. com ) . The storyteller explains how Pecola’s lower status composite strengthens the feeling of high quality of the people around her. â€Å"Certain seeds it will non foster certain fruit it will non bear and when the land putting to deaths of its ain will. we acquiesce and say the victim had no right to populate. † ( p. 206 ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) . This explains that Pecola’s babe was born dead because the hapless being was hated and that the kid has no right to populate. â€Å"We had defended ourselves since memory against everything and everybody considered all address a codification to be broken by us. and all gestures subject to careful analysis ; we had become froward. oblique. and chesty. Cipher paid us any attending. so we paid really good attending to ourselves. Our restrictions were non known to us—not so. † ( Second-to-last chapter ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) Claudia meant that they ne’er let themselves be oppressed by other people because their parents are at that place to back up them non unlike Pecola who experiences the confrontation of life and decease jobs without anyone to maintain her strong. â€Å"The birdlike gestures are worn off to a mere picking and tweaking her manner between the tyre rims and the helianthuss. between Coke bottles and silkweed. among all the waste and beauty of the world—which is what she herself was. All of our waste which we dumped on her and which she absorbed ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) . And all of our beauty. which was hers foremost and which she gave to us. â€Å" ( Last chapter ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) This explains how Pecola was made into a symbol of how individual acquire along through the agonies with fright and learns to confront it with hope that shows the interior beauty of a individual. â€Å"Cholly loved her. I’m certain he did. He. at any rate. was the 1 who loved her adequate to touch her. enfold her. and give something of him to her. But his touch was fatal. and the something he gave her filled the matrix of her torment with decease ( last chapter ) . ( Tony Morrison ) . Claudia believed that Cholly loved Pecola the manner he loved Pauline because he touched her and made love to her like he did with Pauline but the love he has for Pecola was the ground of her lunacy. â€Å"For some ground Cholly had non hated the white work forces ; he hated. despised. the miss. Even a half-remembrance of this episode. along with myriad other humiliations. lickings. and emasculations. could stir him into flights of corruption that surprised himself–but non merely himself† . ( ShengYing ) â€Å"Here was an ugly small girl inquiring for beauty. A small black miss who wanted to lift up out of the cavity of her inkiness and see the universe with bluish eyes. â€Å" ( Tony Morrison ) this was when Pecola approached Soaphead church and asked him to allow her a wish which is to hold those bluish eyes. Work Cited ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. novelguide. com/TheBluestEye/toptenquotes. hypertext markup language ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. randomhouse. com/highschool/catalog/display. pperl? isbn=9780375411557 A ; view=excerpt ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //academic. Brooklyn. cuny. edu/english/melani/cs6/eye61. hypertext markup language ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sparknotes. com/lit/bluesteye/quotes. hypertext markup language ( ShengYing ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tqnyc. org/NYC040522/thebluesteye/finalwork. htm Bluest Eye Essay she besides retrieve how her sister usage to soothe her by singing to her. With that incident. she remembered that love was present. it is an understood though non straight expressed feeling. The MacTeer family had an add-on ; the first 1 was Mr. Henry Washington who lived with Mrs. Della Jones who already grew old and was left by her hubby who was believed to hold run off with another adult female. Another one is Pecola Breedloove. she is to be commiseration with because her male parent put their household house into ashes and now she’s under the country’s detention. Miss Breedlove. being a portion of the MacTeer household. loves to imbibe milk utilizing Shirley temple cup but Claudia expressed how she ever disliked the Shirley temple and the doll which has giver her as a present for Christmas. She tends to cognize why everyone thinks that the fair-haired doll is beautiful and where could its â€Å"beauty† be found. It was in the afternoon of Saturday when Pecola drank three quarts of milk and Mrs. MacTeer got huffy because of that. the sisters tried to avoid her when Pecola starts shed blooding. Frieda thought that Pecola was merely holding her menses and tried to put a tablet to the latter’s frock. Pecola so all of a sudden asked how babes are made. and so Frieda answered her that she has to happen person to love her first. It is on the Saturday forenoon of October. Mrs. Breedlove aftermaths foremost and started out a sudden explosion of action in the kitchen. Pecola is still in bed but she knows that her female parent will get down a battle with his male parent. The twosome battle between Cholly and his married woman became a everyday every after he gets home rummy. their boy Sammy would really either fall in the battle or run off from place while Pecola would happen a manner of how to stand the state of affairs. Mrs. Breedlove would inquire Cholly to convey her some coal for the range but Cholly would decline to make so and she says that one time she sneezing and gets cold from bringing the coal outside. so the hubby is in problem. Unfortunately Mrs. Breedlove sneezed so the battle started. The married woman would utilize a pan to hit her hubby so their boy would assist her female parent by hitting his male parents head. Once Cholly knocks out. Sammy would inquire his female parent to kill his male parent quick but so his female parent would hush him. On the contrary. Pecola still lies on her bed feeling sick. She even wishes she could merely vanish. She hates herself for her ugliness. her instructor and schoolmates would normally disregard her. She hopes for a blue oculus because she believes that that would do her expression reasonably merely like fair-haired Mary Jane pictured in the confect negligee. Pecola goes to see the cocottes populating above their flat. They are sort to her and would ever state her narratives about their â€Å"boyfriends† who are their clients. China. Poland. and Miss Marie are adult females who are non said to be a victim by their profession. they merely dislike work forces. They don’t experience ashamed of what they are. Pecola was so funny how it is likely to be in love or what love is like. She wonders if love is like her parent’s when doing love ; his male parent doing sounds as if agony in hurting while her female parent is quiet. The winter came when a new miss charmed the whole school. Maureen Peal has a cabinet next to Claudia’s and one twenty-four hours the new comer asked the MacTeer sisters if she could fall in them for walk place. The three misss saw Pecola who was harassed by a circle of male childs they bully her and tease her for holding a dark tegument. Frieda hit a male child and threatens the other. Claudia came in to assist her sister and it seems that the male childs where ready to give the sisters a battle but so Maureen arrived and looks like the male childs did non desire to contend in forepart of her and merely left. Maureen asked the misss if they wanted to hold some ice pick and tends to handle merely Pecola. Claudia on the other manus felt abashed and went on without ice pick. The misss started speaking about menses. Pecola was asked if she had of all time seen her male parent bare and answered that she ne’er did but Maureen continued the issue though the sister told her to halt. The misss argued and Claudia started on impeaching Maureen that the miss is a boy-crazy piece Maureen would state them that they are ugly and that they are black. Pecola was hurt and Claudia was alarmed that what the other miss said is a fact. When the misss got home. they saw Henry entertaining Miss Marie and China. Claudia and Frieda disliked it because they know that their female parent hated those misss. These cocottes come in after Mrs. MacTeer leaves the house. Frieda would inquire Mr. Henry about them but the latter would lie and state her that they are merely members of his bible-study group. A black adult female named Geraldine who was married to adult male named Louis has a kid named junior. Geraldine gives a existent first-class attention of junior physically but early on. the kid understands that her female parent is non capable of giving them fondness ; the adult female would demo fondness merely to cats. As a consequence to this. junior would torment a cat or make something probably to ache the animal. Junior would wish to play with inkinesss but his female parent would non let him to play with what they consider a Low-class or nigga. One clip when Geraldine was out Junior asked Pecola to play with him and promised the miss to demo her some kitty. Pecola was overwhelmed by the beauty of the house. interim. junior throw a cat into her face that scratched her. Pecola tried to go forth but so junior stopped him from the door. The cat begun to wish her and Junior was irritated that Pecola got the cat’s attending. Junior threw the cat and hit the radiator. the cat fell down lifelessly. Geraldine was back by so and saw the cat. on the other manus junior said that Pecola was the 1 who killed it and so Geraldine told Pecola that she was a â€Å"nasty small black bitch† . Now Cholly came home rummy once more finds Pecola busy making the dishes. With mix desires of tenderness and lunacy of fury. Cholly raped his ain girl Pecola. She so swoons and when she wakes up she founds her female parent gazing down at her. In Loraine’s black community a light-skinned who was raised from the West was â€Å"self declared reader so as an adviser† . he is Soaphead church. He was a married adult male but was all of a sudden left two months afterwards so he discovered that he does non suit his profession and so he studied psychopathology and other societal scientific disciplines. had different occupations and eventually came to populate in Lorain. He rents a back from Bertha Reese and the lone job that he has with it is the landlady’s Canis familiaris which disgusts him. He planned to kill the Canis familiaris but every clip he tries he hesitates to travel near it. Pecola came to inquire Soaphead Church for bluish eyes. he understands Pecola and was touched by the child’s petition. He understand her through his ain attractive force to whiteness. he knows that he could non assist her but he told Pecola that she should give Bob. the Canis familiaris. a meat that he in secret poisoned. He said that if the Canis familiaris shows any reaction. her wants will so come true. The Canis familiaris that so ate the meat convulsed and earlier died. Pecola seeing the reaction of the Canis familiaris ran off. Meanwhile Soaphead remembers two kids who let him touch them in exchange of money and Sweets and wrote a missive to god stating that he had ne’er touched Pecola and that he Rivaled God for he had granted Pecola’s wish. It is besides said that she will non literally have her bluish eyes but because of the incident. she will believe she now does. Claudia and Frieda noticed that Pecola was inseminated by her ain male parent who had already run off. The whole vicinity was disgusted by that fact but some of them besides blamed Pecola. When her female parent Pauline found her. she hit her difficult. and beat her until she about loses her breath. The MacTeer sisters were sorrowed by the fact that none of the grownup at their topographic point seem to care for Pecola. In the contrary. Claudia made an thought on her head about how the babe looks like. She imagined that the babe with all the beautiful characteristics ; eyes. lips and tegument. They tend to assist hapless Pecola by praying for her and by giving a forfeit ; they plan to bury the money into Pecola’s house and they will works the remainder of the marigold seeds into their ain pace ( bookrags ) . Pecola started her lunacy and is ever conceive ofing that she has a new friend. Her fanciful friend would state her unfavorable judgments for looking at her ain image at the mirror ; Pecola would get down to inquire about how her eyes are so admiringly bluish and inquire her fanciful friend if her eyes are the bluest 1s. She thinks that all the people around her are covetous of her that’s why no 1 dares to look or gaze at her non even her female parent. Then Pecola’s friend would get down speaking about her male parent. and would state her that Mrs. Breedlove must truly lose her hubby really much because they are doing love a batch. The fanciful friend would impeach Pecola that she liked her father’s sexual progresss during the 2nd clip that Cholly raped her. Pecola got angry and decided to travel on to their first subject about her bluish eyes. Claudia and Frieda felt that they failed because their marigold seed ne’er grew and Pecola’s babe was born without life. Cholly died finally in a workhouse and Mrs. Breedlove and Pecola moved into a new topographic point. Claudia thought that it is the people who stand as the clime for a certain individual who tend to be the flower to bloom ( Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye ) . Citations: †Claudia and Frieda thought that it was because Pecola is holding her father’s babe that the seed of the marigold flower did non grow† ( p. 5 ) . This is when Claudia narrated her friend’s being pregnated by Pecola’s ain male parent ( novelguide. com ) . â€Å"Nuns go by every bit quiet as lecherousness. and bibulous work forces and sober eyes sing in the anteroom of the Grecian hotel ( p. 9 ) ( â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) it explains that in the fall or the start of the narrative. the people are non who they are every bit said to be. â€Å"We stare at her. desiring her staff of life. but more than that desiring to jab the haughtiness out of her eyes and nail the pride of ownership that curls her mastication oral cavity ( p. 9 ) . â€Å" ( novelguide. com ) it is when Claudia stated how she hated Villanucci non because of the things that the individual possess but because of her attitude towards the societal position that she has. â€Å"It had occurred to Pecola some clip ago that if her eyes. those eyes that held the images. and knew the sights-if those eyes of hers were different. that is to state. beautiful. she herself would be different ( P. 46 ) ( novelguide. com ) . † Pecola believed that her life would be different if merely her eyes would turn into bluish. â€Å"She looks up at him and sees the vacuity where wonder ought to lodge and something more. the entire absence of human recognition-the glassy discreteness. † ( p. 48 ) ( novelguide. com ) it is when Pecola went out to purchase confect and the proprietor of the shop did non look to appreciate the beauty she has as a kid. â€Å"The line between colored and nigger was non ever clear ( novelguide. com ) ; elusive and revealing marks threatened to gnaw it. and the ticker had to be changeless. † ( p. 87 ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) This explains how Geraldine tried to conceal the existent visual aspect of junior by taking good attention of him and his true tegument tone. â€Å"She was secure and grateful ; he was sort and lively. † ( p. 116 ) ( novelguide. com ) . The storyteller stated how the twosome. Pauline and Cholly. went good at the beginning of their relationship. â€Å"She was ne’er able. after her instruction in the films. to look at a face and non delegate it some class in the graduated table of absolute beauty. and the graduated table was one she absorbed in full from the Ag screen. † ( p. 122 ) ( novelguide. com ) . Pauline. the female parent of Pecola believed that she could non be compared with other white individual and that she is non beautiful harmonizing to the criterions of white. â€Å"Her simpleness decorated us ; her guilt sanctified us. her hurting made us glow with wellness. † ( p. 205 ) ( novelguide. com ) . The storyteller explains how Pecola’s lower status composite strengthens the feeling of high quality of the people around her. â€Å"Certain seeds it will non foster certain fruit it will non bear and when the land putting to deaths of its ain will. we acquiesce and say the victim had no right to populate. † ( p. 206 ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) . This explains that Pecola’s babe was born dead because the hapless being was hated and that the kid has no right to populate. â€Å"We had defended ourselves since memory against everything and everybody considered all address a codification to be broken by us. and all gestures subject to careful analysis ; we had become froward. oblique. and chesty. Cipher paid us any attending. so we paid really good attending to ourselves. Our restrictions were non known to us—not so. † ( Second-to-last chapter ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) Claudia meant that they ne’er let themselves be oppressed by other people because their parents are at that place to back up them non unlike Pecola who experiences the confrontation of life and decease jobs without anyone to maintain her strong. â€Å"The birdlike gestures are worn off to a mere picking and tweaking her manner between the tyre rims and the helianthuss. between Coke bottles and silkweed. among all the waste and beauty of the world—which is what she herself was. All of our waste which we dumped on her and which she absorbed ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) . And all of our beauty. which was hers foremost and which she gave to us. â€Å" ( Last chapter ) ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) This explains how Pecola was made into a symbol of how individual acquire along through the agonies with fright and learns to confront it with hope that shows the interior beauty of a individual. â€Å"Cholly loved her. I’m certain he did. He. at any rate. was the 1 who loved her adequate to touch her. enfold her. and give something of him to her. But his touch was fatal. and the something he gave her filled the matrix of her torment with decease ( last chapter ) . ( Tony Morrison ) . Claudia believed that Cholly loved Pecola the manner he loved Pauline because he touched her and made love to her like he did with Pauline but the love he has for Pecola was the ground of her lunacy. â€Å"For some ground Cholly had non hated the white work forces ; he hated. despised. the miss. Even a half-remembrance of this episode. along with myriad other humiliations. lickings. and emasculations. could stir him into flights of corruption that surprised himself–but non merely himself† . ( ShengYing ) â€Å"Here was an ugly small girl inquiring for beauty. A small black miss who wanted to lift up out of the cavity of her inkiness and see the universe with bluish eyes. â€Å" ( Tony Morrison ) this was when Pecola approached Soaphead church and asked him to allow her a wish which is to hold those bluish eyes. Work Cited ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. novelguide. com/TheBluestEye/toptenquotes. hypertext markup language ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. randomhouse. com/highschool/catalog/display. pperl? isbn=9780375411557 A ; view=excerpt ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //academic. Brooklyn. cuny. edu/english/melani/cs6/eye61. hypertext markup language ( Toni Morrison â€Å"The Bluest Eye† ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sparknotes. com/lit/bluesteye/quotes. hypertext markup language ( ShengYing ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tqnyc. org/NYC040522/thebluesteye/finalwork. htm