Childhood Obesity in Low Income Communities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1142 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Topics: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Abstract One of the biggest problems in society today is childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition in which children are above the normal weight and height for their age. The percentage of overweight children in the United States is growing rapidly every day at an alarming rate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Childhood Obesity in Low Income Communities" essay for you Create order â€Å"Since 1980, the childhood obesity rates†¦ have tripled — with the rates of obese 6- to 11-year-olds more than doubling†¦ and rates of obese teens†¦ quadrupling† (Crowley). Over 30 percent of the American population is considered overweight or obese. â€Å"Obesity rates among adults and children in the United States have steadily risen in the past few decades. About 18.4 percent of 12-19 year olds are overweight or obese and childhood obesity often continues into adulthood† (Arbor). As a community, what can be done to influence families of the help that is needed? Low-income communities generally lack places for children to play and safely stay active. Since city parks have a higher chance of being in a safer and higher-income locations, parents that live in low-income communities should do everything they can to convince their community leadership they can take care of what they do have. Doing so could increase the confidence that they’ll take care of any new parks or playgrounds that are built. Speaking with the city council or writing letters to congress about the low availability of side walks and parks could raise local awareness that obesity in children is rising each day. Grocery stores also play a role in the recent negative trends. Supermarkets are typically placed in locations throughout communities where the business can make more money; therefore, taking availability of convenient healthy foods away from the poor communities. Having fewer supermarkets can lead to the promotion of low-nutrition fast food services. As people take in less nutrients from their food, they begin to have less energy to be active. These fast food services often times do not even require people to get out of their cars to order their food, which allows the patrons to put forth minimal physical effort to eat. This makes people gain even more weight and become even more unhealthy, creating an ouroborus effect, where the problem basically feeds itself to become worse. Further compounding the problem is that fast food companies provide inexpensive toys to promote business while providing unhealthy, fattening foods to children. Another major contributor to the unhealthy nature of low-income families and individuals is the insurance industry. With insurance rates at an all-time high, it is very difficult for low-income families to get the appropriate health care they need. â€Å"Thirteen percent of children in families with an income less than $20,000 and 17% of children in families with an income of $20,000-$34,999 had no health insurance, compared with 3% of children in families with an income of $75,000 or more† (Doyle, p.80). Outside of the societal causes of obesity within communities, there are also other factors to consider when it comes to the health patterns of individuals. Communities today cannot afford to downplay the importance of physical activity in children. Staying active helps fight the prevalence of anxiety and depression, both of which are major contributors to obesity. When a child sits inside alone, in front of any technologically advanced device, it can lead to psychological problems. The child’s social skills typically do not develop properly when they are unable to interact with other children. This, in itself, can cause a child to feel socially uncomfortable around others and can cause them to develop emotional problems. Staying physically active and playing outside with other children allows the child to develop socially and emotionally with others while lowering the chances of obesity. One way to fight this is to turn video games into a privilege or reward for the child, where they earn video game time for good grades or perhaps for other physical accomplishment outside the home, instead of letting them be an everyday activity that keeps them locked indoors with no incentive to exert their physical energy. Obesity in children can lead to many life-threatening illnesses later in life. About 300,000 people die from weight-related illnesses that are brought on by obesity each year. â€Å"About 29.1 million Americans or 9.3% of the United States population has type II diabetes† (CDC), which, simply put, is caused by a low-nutrient, sugar-heavy diet typically consumed by those who fight obesity. Other problems associated with obesity include psychological issues, which can become extremely serious and can lead to mental, physical, and emotional ailments. Then there are other physical, cardiovascular problems such as hypertension, stroke, heart disease/failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity can also increase the likelihood of developing bone disorders like osteoarthritis, growth abnormalities, and lower extremity joint and bone disorders. Some of the best resources for help are parents and educators. Speaking with these individuals can help gain awareness about the problem at hand. There are many programs available to assist with weight gain disorders, including some put on by the American Heart Association, the Lets Move! Campaign, and STEPS. The American Heart Association joined with the National Football League to develop a program known as the NFL Play 60 initiative. This program encourages children to be active for at least 60 minutes per day. Staying active for this amount of time can help reverse the growing trend of childhood obesity. Former First Lady Michelle Obama made it a priority to aim at curbing the rising rates of childhood obesity by founding the Lets Move Campaign. This program was designed in 2010 as a direct way to solve the problem of obesity in children (Office of the First Lady, 2016). Obama’s overall goal is for there to be an easier way for children to experience a healthy upbringing and a longer future. Her program was the first obesity campaign to ever come out of the White House. This may be one reason why the Lets Move Campaign has joined so many different organizations such as the NBA, NFL, and Disney. The joining of these organizations gives children something to look up to. It inspires children to become healthy like their idols that are athletes or actors. STEPS is a community based childhood obesity program that helps families with children establish the patterns that will keep kids healthy and strong. STEPS focuses on the health improvement of children that have a body mass index above the 85th percentile for their age group. With the help of these programs and initiatives, there are enough resources available for families to help this growing rate of obesity in children. A great start would be for more parents in poor socioeconomic communities to step up to the available resources that are given and take action that is needed. If these resources aren’t available, demand they be made available by any means necessary, to include involvement of the city, county, state or even Federal government.

Julius Caesar- Brutus Cassius Who Is the better leader

In William Shakespeare?s Julius Caesar, Brutus and Cassius are very influential characters. Each character makes many mistakes with the assassination plans and the strategies at Philippi. Each man has his reasons for their mistakes, if it is either their idealism, being uncompassionate or not, fully thinking for their actions. Brutus and Cassius are very contrasting people; one man is better suited to be a leader of a battle and an Empire, than the other. That man is: Marcus Brutus. Although Brutus makes many consequential mistakes, his errors are made because his nobleness outranks his intelligence. Whereas for Cassius, his mistakes are made from poor decision making. Brutus himself knows that he is often too honourable and not as†¦show more content†¦Cassius has no morals like the Brutus does. We learn a lot about the ?evil, mischievous, deceptive? Cassius in one of his soliloquy. He reflects on the weakness of Brutus and how he is better than Brutus. He says that is he had been Brutus and Brutus him, he would not of joined the conspiracy. ?Well, Brutus, thou art noble; yet I see, / Thy honourable mettle may be wrought / ?If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius, / he should not humour me.? (Act I Scene II, L. 308 ? 309, 314 ? 315). In the same soliloquy we learn that he is a very deceptive person. He decides that he will throw letters into Brutus?s house, chair that he as wrote. Brutus will think the letters are from citizens, who disagree with Caesar and the future of Rome. ?I will this night/ In several hands, in at his window throw, / As if they came from several citizens, / Writings, all tending the great opinion / That Rome holds of his name; wherein obscurely / Caesar?s ambition shall be glanced at:? (Act I, Scene II, L315 ? 320.) Deceptiveness is one of Cassius gr eatest strengths. A man who is as deceptive as Cassius is not fit to lead a battle, not to mention an Empire. They have one final obvious reason why Cassius is indisputably not suited for leader is that in troubled times he loses control, and does not know what to do. Before the assassination Cassius is veryShow MoreRelatedNiccolo Machiavellis The Prince and Shakespeares Julius Caesar958 Words   |  4 Pageslessons idealistic and unrealistic for leaders. Machiavelli wrote his book, The Prince, to show the ruling Meddici family that the world is not a fairy tale. Prior to Machiavelli writing The Prince, the majority of books depicted people as virtuous and ethical. However, The Prince is not the only work of literature that manifests Machiavellian techniques. William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar utilizes similar methods. As shown in Julius Caesar and The Prince, a leader who follows Machiavelli’s advice willRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis1546 Words   |  7 Pagesplays, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, it demonstrates that being too trusting of someone could end with b ad consequences. 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Social policy and youth studies- Written personal statement, Free Essays

Introduction and Aims Having completed a period of work experience within a childcare environment, I have gained a wide variety of experience and developed my own personal attributes, which I feel will ultimately enable me to become a valuable and responsible member of a childcare team, focusing on youth studies and social policy (Farrell Travers, 2005). This personal statement aims to chart the journey which I have undergone in the last year, including looking at those attributes and skills that I have either developed or improved, as a result of applying the learning which I have obtained during my time operating within a work experience environment. Crucially, I also had the opportunity to speak with far more experienced individuals than myself and this gave me an insight into how my career was likely to develop, from this point onwards. We will write a custom essay sample on Social policy and youth studies- Written personal statement, or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am currently coming to the end of my second year of studies and therefore, whilst I gained considerable knowledge during this work experience, there are still certain aspects of my own personal development which I need to focus on and further areas of development that will enable me to become even more efficient, in the future (Sanderson Percy-Smith, 1995). Work Experience Background My work experience took place within a childcare environment, dealing with eight year old children. I worked alongside several different professionals, including those who dealt with the day-to-day care of the younger children, as well as those involved more in the policy development of new skills among the older children, such as preparing them for formal education and supporting those who were already in formal education (Callender, 2000). I worked primarily alongside the lead individuals dealing with children of school age, i.e. those who were six to eight years old and this involved looking at the types of activities and work they were undertaking during the school day, in order to ensure that childcare activities outside of the school day, at the very least, did not contradict the work being undertaken within the school environment. A greater emphasis was also placed on social and emotional skills which were seen to be developing at a rapid rate during this age category, particu larly when children entered formal education for the first time (Pettit et al 1999). Skills, Attributes and Values Gained During Work Experience During my work experience within a childcare environment several skills attributes and values were gained. Many of these were gained as a result of shadowing a very experienced member of the team, as it enables me to identify ways in which I could potentially operate, in the future. The main skills which I gained during this work experience included the ability to think in a much more rounded way about situations being presented to me. During my first year of education, a large proportion of the activities were based on developing the ability to complete worksheets that would be appropriate for the children in my care, as well as much of the administrative activity that I perceived to be central to the childcare environment (Training and Employment Agency 1999). Whilst it remained important to follow educational policies, particularly with those children who were already of compulsory school age, I became much more aware of my need to adapt and to be flexible to the needs of the chil dren, rather than simply shoehorning the day-to-day activities within the childcare environment into my chosen plan or policy. I also gained a much greater value when it came to the discussions with children and recognising the importance of social interaction and giving children the opportunity to express themselves (UEA, 2002). My own ability to identify potential social and psychological problems, as well as identifying children who were possibly having issues outside the immediate childcare environment increased dramatically, as a result of shadowing my mentor and spending time simply observing activities within the childcare environment (Smith Barker, 2000). Personal Skills and Attributes for Employability Many of the skills and attributes which I developed in myself were those that I identified in the more experienced member of the staff and I felt would be good as transferable skills within my future studies. However, although the focus here was on children between the ages of six and eight, these skills could potentially be applied across a broad range of different ages and this is therefore something that will be useful for me in my future work experience and employment. The ability to identify key policy issues and then apply them in a wide variety of different situations is incredibly useful and a central aspect of my studies. Understanding underlying social policies is also critical, as anyone involved in a childcare environment needs to be able to look at the broader social implications, so that the day-to-day work that is undertaken with the children supports these social policies (Munton, et al 2001). I also feel that I have developed additional skills in terms of identifying the various different needs of children, depending on their demographic situation. This type of understanding, again, will be useful in a wide variety of different situations. Moreover, the ability to apply policies and practices in a sensitive and appropriate manner will provide useful opportunities for me, in the future, particularly when it comes to leading change within a childcare environment (SQW and NOP, 2002). Next Steps and Career Development Following on from this period of work experience and when combined with the skills and knowledge which I achieved during my first two years at university, I feel that I am now ready to look towards applying these skills in a practical sense (Alderson, 1995). Furthermore, I am looking for opportunities to work within an environment that will enable me to lead change and develop new working approaches that were potentially allow the childcare environment to adapt to different situations, rather than following strict lesson plans or care plans. By placing a heavy emphasis on dealing with general social policies, I feel that I shall be much better placed for establishing ways of working which are not currently being used and this is where I intend to focus my work, in the future. References Alderson, P, (1995), Listening to Children: Children, Ethics and Social Research London: Barnardos Callender, C, (2000), The Barriers to Childcare Provision Department for Education and Employment Research Report 231 London: Stationery Office Farrell, P., Travers, T. (2005). A healthy start: Mental health promotion in early childhood settings.Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 4(2), 1–10. Munton, A, McCullum, B, Rivers, K, (2001), Childcare Quality Improvement and Assurance Practices Department for Education and Employment, Research Report 266 Pettit, G, Bates, J, Dodge, K, Meece, D, (1999), ‘The Impact of After School Peer Contact on Early Adolescent Externalising Problems in Moderated by parental Monitoring, Perceived Neighbourhood Safety and Prior Adjustment’, Child Development, 70, p768-778 Sanderson, I, Percy-Smith, J, (1995), The Out of School Childcare Grant Initiative: An Interim Evaluation Department for Education and Employment, Research Series no 44 Smith, F, Barker, J, (2000), The Childcare Revolution: A Decade of Kids’ Clubs London: Kids’ Clubs Network SQW and NOP, (2002) The 2001 Childcare Workforce Surveys Department for Education and Skills Training and Employment Agency (1999), An Evaluation of Playcare Report by Policy Research Institute for Training and Employment Agency, Belfast UEA, (2002), A National Evaluation of Breakfast Clubs Department of Health How to cite Social policy and youth studies- Written personal statement,, Essay examples

Essential Element of Contract System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Essential Element of Contract System. Answer: Introduction: In the case of Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon [1976] Q.B. 801 the plaintiff had suffered losses because of the misinformation provided by the claimant. In this case the misinformation was not provided deliberately but reasonable steps could have been taken by the defendant to avoid the misinformation being provided. The court held that the actions of the defendant accounts to negligent misrepresentation. The court further ruled that in situation of a negligent misrepresentation the aggrieved party may claim any consequential damages and also has the right to recession. A consideration is an essential element of a contract. There are certain rules which are provide by precedent case laws to determine that a consideration is lawful or not. One of such rules had been used in the case of Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605. In this case Mr Foakes has been provided an order to get payments from Mrs Beer. She told Mr Foakes that she will accept 500 now and rest later and would not take any interest. However the court held that Mrs Beer is entitled to the interest as no additional consideration has been provided by the defendant to forgive the interest. However where a promise changes the position of the party not may be enforced though the equitable promissory estoppels doctrine even without a consideration as per the case of Alan v El Nasr [1972] 2 WLR 800 . The doctrine forces the person making a promise to comply with it if it would be inequitable otherwise. In the landmark case of Hyde v Wrench [1840] EWHC Ch J90 the issue of counter offers and their effects on the first initial offer had been discussed by the court. It had been ruled by Lord Langdale in the cases that the initial offer is cancelled by a counter offer. Wrench had made an offer to Hyde to sell his farm at 1000. Hyde stated that he will purchase the farm at a price of 950. However Wrench did not accept the offer. Hyde then decided to purchase the farm at 1000 which was the original offer. However Wrench did not agree and Hyde claimed a contract. The court held that there was no contract as the counter offer of 950 canceled the initial offer. In contract law, general a past consideration is not considered to be valid and thus does not have any legal significance. In the case of Roscorla v Thomas [1842] EWHC J74 it had been ruled by the court that past consideration cannot be considered for the purpose of claiming damages under the provisions of contract law. However in the case of Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 it had been ruled by the court that where the action has been done on the requires of the promisor and there was an understanding that the act is to be compensated then past consideration is valid. Richard has approached with Shocks Are Us to purchase new shock observers for his jeep. He has been informed by their agent that the most suitable shock observers which could function on rough ground are that of D200. However D200 were not suitable for rough ground and as a result the Jeep crashed and suffered damages of $2000. The representation provided by the agent was therefore false. She has provided the wrong information negligently which was used by Richard to get into the contract. Thus there is negligent misrepresentation and Richard can rescind the contract and claim consequential damages as per Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon. There was an already existing contractual obligation which Richard owed to George according to which the rent of the lease was to be increased every year at a rate of 10%. However the George agreed with Richard that he will forgive the additional rent for the present year. Based on the promise of George, Richard invested the money he had to purchase extra tools for his business. Although if the Foakes v Beer case is applied there will be no way in which Richard can avoid paying the additional rent to George as past consideration is not valid consideration. However as there has been an actual change in position of Richard because of the promise of George, as per the case of Alan v El Nasr the promise will be enforceable. The initial offer made by Tom to purchase the car which had been valued at $20000 by Richard was at a price of $18500. The offer was not accepted by Richard as a counter offer has been made by him to sell the car at a price of $19000. This means that as per the principles provided by Lord Langdale in the case of Hyde v Wrench the offer of $18500 made by Tom has been cancelled by the counter offer of $19000 by Richard Thus Richard cannot make accept the initial offer of Tom.It has been discussed as per the above case of Roscorla v Thomas that past consideration is not a valid consideration. Past consideration means an act which has been done prior to an offer being made. Martin used to take care of Richards garage without any consideration or promise of payment. Richard promise Martin that he would provide him with his car which he gives for rent at $50 to be used for free as he had been taking care of his garage. However this is a past consideration and does not fall within the exception of the Pao On v Lau Yiu Long case. Thus no contract is formed. Conclusion Negligent misrepresentation has been made by agent of Shocks Are Us and Richard can thus get damages and rescind the contract Richard is not liable to pay George for the rent he had forgiven No contract exists between Tom and Richard Past consideration was not valid thus agreement is not enforceable between Martin and Richard. References Alan v El Nasr [1972] 2 WLR 800 Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon [1976] Q.B. 801 Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605 Hyde v Wrench [1840] EWHC Ch J90 Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 Roscorla v Thomas [1842] EWHC J74