Essay on Teens - Popular Musics Impact on Youth -- Exploratory Essays

Popular Musics Impact on Youth Popular melody and its artists have an enormous impact on our cultures youth from generation to generation. In almost any generation within the past fifty years, the behavior and beliefs of the majority of pre-teens and teens can be closely correlated with those of the popular music artists of that clock time. Which music was the popular music changed drastically several times between the 1950s and the present, along with the attitudes of that generations young adults. With each change in popular music came similarly a lasting change in the behavior of generations to follow. In some cases, the change was evident --the band or artist was creating or surrounded by controversy-- in other cases, the change was not evident until afterwards, a learning experience perhaps. In the 1950s, Bill Haley and the Comets first used the word rock to come upon a musical form. They also released two movies, Blackboard Jungle, and Rock Around the Clock, wh ich featured their music and were aimed specifically at young audiences. Blackboard Jungle told a story of teenage alienation and also made a star of Haley because of the overwhelming number of negative criticisms it received. Also, since adults of that time thought the music was just limpid bad, the teens were even more drawn to its sound (Brown, 50, 53). Elvis Aaron Presley is known as the King today, but in the mid-fifties, he was known as Elvis the pelvic arch because of his pelvic thrusts and somewhat exaggerated hip movements (67). These sexual mannerisms caught the attention of young women who viewed him as a sex icon, but also caught the attention of the media. In the fifties, these actions were besides obscene to be shown on televi... ...What is to be learned from our generation? There does not appear to be a clearly defined movement organism promoted like the antiwar movement of the sixties and seventies. Our generation will leave a legacy, or a lesson to be learned. Through the generations we have learned much medicine awareness, responsibility, and safe sex were all changes faced by generations following the previous generations lifestyles. Our children will face different lifestyles that we are facing now, and the popular music of their time will surely shape their behavior and attitude to fit their generation. Works Cited Brown, Charles T. The Art of Rock and Roll. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall Inc. 1987. Christgau, Robert. Any Old Way You Choose It Rock and different Pop Music, 1967- 1973. Baltimore Penguin Books Inc. 1973. http//www.factmonster.com/ce6/ent/A0860766.html

raising a child with a disability Essay -- essays research papers

Raising a Child with a Disability Journal Entry 2 epitomeThis phrase mainly examines ways in which parents can deal properly with the news of being told that their boor has a disability. There are a hardly a(prenominal) stories in the article which emphasize the way the parents felt when they found out close to their childs disability. In most cases, the parents felt shattered, overwhelmed and completely shocked. The article explained that parents have an expectation of having that perfect child and when one is told that the child is not so perfect, their dreams and their lives become devastating. The reading examines ways in which to build a substitute system as well as ways in which to keep a balance in your life. The author indicates the importance of keeping a commanding attitude when in this situation.Main PointsThis article was very interesting and there are a few key points that stand out. The author explained that it is important to be an advocate for your child by lea rning as much as you can about the disability that they have. Also, she mentioned that if a parent keeps on living in denial about the illness or disability, that this will never help the child or the parent. I also found it interesting when she spoke about support within the family as well as outside the family. Lastly, I thought it was important for her to mention the strain that a family with a disabled child will incur. Reflection...

Indian Nationalism :: Asian Asian History

Indian NationalismFactors Promoting NationalismRacial arrogance - on the part of the British created resentment by Indians. They were treated as second-class citizens and were given only the poorest jobs. British in positions of power, such as General Mayo (Viceroy of India) openly made statements of racial superiority. meliorate Indian professionals - felt they were denied equal opportunities within the machinery of British rule (such as the Indian Civil Service). They founded a superpatriotic movement that initially sought equal precondition for Indians and eventually sought full Indian independence. Anti-Westernisation - Britain had changed Indias traditional institutions with apparently little respect for the existing culture and religion. British modernisation - probably helped spread the nationalist message. They had improved transport and communications. Indian Association 1885 - Began as a powerless talking shop but turned into the Indian National Congress, where Indians could voice their complaints against the British. Educated politicians used this parliament to rally support for the movement. Lord Curzon (Viceroy 1898-1905) gave no concessions to the natives. He allowed them no representation and saw them as inferior. Division of Bengal 1906 - was unpopular because it divided the regional cultures. In India, many people had greater affinity to their region than to the whole country. Splitting Bengal led to a swell of nationalist support. Factors Restraining NationalismIndia was divided regionally - There was great cultural and religious divide across the regions. There were 200 different languages spoken across India so communication on a large scale was difficult. There were also many religions (including Sikhs, Muslims, and Hindus) who would not co-operate with each other. Indian Congress was divided - Liberal wing led by Gokhale, and revolutionary wing led by Tilak.

The Metamorphosis :: essays research papers

The MetamorphosisAside from all of the physical changes that Gregor encountered, his personality also took some major turns. Before this fatal transformation occurred, Gregor did not have the best relations with his family. Even though he was pretty much generating all of their income, he didnt have much of a closeness with them, except for his sister. With his sister alone he remained intimate (796). Gregor did in fact care for his sister so much that he wanted to sent her to analyse at the Conservatorium, even though it would cost him greatly. But despite these good intentions, Gregors mother and father frowned upon such ideas. Gregor also was not aware of his familys true fiscal status, which is iron since he was the one providing for them. His parents seemed to be keeping something from him. Gregors separation from his family also had to do with his work. Since he had to travel a lot of the time, he just wasnt more or less that often to spend time with his parents and sister. Even after Gregors metamorphosis, many of his attributes remained similar. He nevertheless cared most about his work that was pretty much all he thought about even when he first turned into a bug. The next train went at seven oclock to misgiving that he would need to hasten like mad and his samples werent even packed up, and he himself wasnt feeling particularly fresh and active(786). He had made up his mind that he would have to catch the train - completely ignoring the fact that he was no longer a human. One other thing he maintained was his relationship with his sister which still stayed the strongest of his family. However, the main difference he encountered was the way his family started to treat him after the metamorphosis. Rather than him avoiding his family, through business or even by spending his time in solitude, his family started to avoid him. They could not even bear the site of him because of his hideous appearance.

Reproductive Controls and Sexual Destiny :: Homosexuality Essays

Reproductive Controls and Sexual Destiny Reproductive Controls and sexual destiny seeks to determine whether ways to manipulate and erase sexual identity of homosexual character is moral, criminal, and should be government control. She argues, Selecting against hardy children implies the worthlessness of homosexuality and is therefore insulting to unfearing hatful as a degradation of their dignity. She also believes that in aver for the idea to be considered immoral it must bring harm to the child in consideration. It does not. It represents compassionate choice, which is to be preserved and encouraged. She does believe that this decision could be viewed as immoral in that it is in a way selfish. She does believe that to further the argument for a government ban there must be an disposal of a cause of homosexuality that is more concrete than hormonally based. The success of the argument against homosexuality in general can survive if the fundamental religious impudence is ac cepted. If the concept of human nature is accepted it represents human choice rather than destiny of several(prenominal) to be heterosexual as the Roman Catholic church building argues that god has purposed humans to be and will be held accountable for by god. In regularise for a reader to buy this article the world present to be a utopia in which people are accepted for who they are what they believe in what their religion is and who their friends are. Which brings me to the topic the author is actually selling. The title of respect he uses, Reproductive controls and sexual destiny creates pre reader imagery, if you will. He makes the reader think of his deuce worse nightmares someone controlling his future involving his/her abilities to bring carriage into this world. Now after he has gotten the reader in this mode of defense for anything that tries to control his/her breeding he uses words in his first and second paragraphs such as eradicate and constraining respectively. He has now laid he groundwork for his underlying and implicit argumentthe philosophy of heterosexualism is smothering the gay community from enjoying there own destinies to not only be gay but to relieve it as a perfectly valid choice for their takings or any body elses. He thinks that anyone should have the opportunity to choose to become gay people should not choose heterosexuality over homosexuality. In the purpose of his essay the author satesReproductive Controls and Sexual Destiny Homosexuality EssaysReproductive Controls and Sexual Destiny Reproductive Controls and sexual destiny seeks to determine whether ways to manipulate and erase sexual identity of homosexual nature is moral, criminal, and should be government control. She argues, Selecting against gay children implies the worthlessness of homosexuality and is therefore insulting to gay people as a degradation of their dignity. She also believes that in order for the idea to be considered immoral it must bring harm t o the child in consideration. It does not. It represents human choice, which is to be preserved and encouraged. She does believe that this decision could be viewed as immoral in that it is in a way selfish. She does believe that to further the argument for a government ban there must be an establishment of a cause of homosexuality that is more concrete than hormonally based. The success of the argument against homosexuality in general can survive if the underlying religious assumption is accepted. If the concept of human nature is accepted it represents human choice rather than destiny of individual to be heterosexual as the Roman Catholic Church argues that god has purposed humans to be and will be held accountable for by god. In order for a reader to buy this article the world have to be a utopia in which people are accepted for who they are what they believe in what their religion is and who their friends are. Which brings me to the topic the author is actually selling. The title he uses, Reproductive controls and sexual destiny creates pre reader imagery, if you will. He makes the reader think of his two worse nightmares someone controlling his future involving his/her abilities to bring life into this world. Now after he has gotten the reader in this mode of defense for anything that tries to control his/her reproduction he uses words in his first and second paragraphs such as eradicate and constraining respectively. He has now laid he groundwork for his underlying and implicit argumentthe philosophy of heterosexualism is smothering the gay community from enjoying there own destinies to not only be gay but to condone it as a perfectly valid choice for their offspring or any body elses. He thinks that anyone should have the opportunity to choose to become gay people should not choose heterosexuality over homosexuality. In the purpose of his essay the author sates

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Main Theme     I decided to write about wiz of the themes of A Dolls Houses. I thought the main themewas a classic case of womens suffrage. How Nora parted from society. Breaking away from thesocial standards of their time and acting the way they want is takeed by several of thecharacters. No one character demonstrates this better than Nora.     The time period in which the play takes place, women were not to be assertingthemselves. Women were supposed to support their husbands, take care of their children, andmade for sure everything was perfect around the house. Work, politics, and determinations were left tothe men. Noras first break from society was when she decided to borrow money to pay for herhusbands treatment. By doing this, she not only broke the legality but she stepped away from the rolewomen play in her society. She was suppose to be helpless and completely dependent uponTorvald.         &n bspNoras second break from society was shown by her decision to leave Torvald and herchildren. She was suppose to be under her husband. This is shown in the way Torvald spokedown to her. He would say things like, "worries that you couldnt possibly help me with," and,"Nora, Nora, just like a woman." She is almost considered to be property of his. By walking outon her family, she takes a position equal to her husband and brakes the rules of society. Noraalso brakes societys expectations of staying in a marriage since divorce was unheard of duringthat era. Her decision was a separation from all expectations put on a woman and a wife bysociety.     Nora knew the consequences her decisions. They were very deliberate and thought out.She knew what society expected of her and continued to do what she felt is right. I think Ibsenwas sympathetic to Nora. Her examples of defying the stereo type of women were used Ibsen toshow faults of society. In the first example, Ibsen shows that even though Nora did the rightthing, it was deemed wrong and not allowed by society because she was a woman. Ibsen iscritical of societys expectations of a marriage. He does this by screening how Nora is forced to bea wife, than be herself and this eventually deteriorates the marriage. Throughout the play Nora islooked down upon and treated as a possession by her husband.

Most Memorable Meal Essay

A Memorbal dinning moment in my life was when i tried sushi with some of my co-workers afterward work The enjoyment of Sushi is not for the timid among . In addition to having a adventurous spirit, those that go to Sushi restaurants must be open minded ab step up other(a) cultures and traditions. However, for someone who is trying Sushi for the showtime time, a favorable first impression may not be a good indication of how the experience as a whole will turn out.As we walked into the Sushi restaurant at the Prudenital I took a look at the surroundings. The first thing I notice was the smell. It smelled like a regular seafood restaurant with the smell of cooking angle in the air. This surprised me as I was expecting a more raw fish smell. The decor was tralatitious Japanese, from the symbols on the walls to the chopsticks on the tables.. So far everything was progressing nicely and I had no reason to believe that this meal would be anything other than enjoyable.after being seate d at a booth by the window, The waiter asked us what we wanted to order. I looked at the menu still I ease had no idea of what Sushi really was. There seemed to be every imaginable kind of seafood available. I didnt even consider that not only fish, but crab and octopus and squid could be considered Sushi as well. So I asked the waiter what I should order if I just wanted some traditional Sushi. He seemed to not understand me and walked off after a minute of meaningless banter. The girl who had seated us walked ove I explained that I had never had Sushi before and that I wanted to try something traditional and Sushi like. She asked if I would be willing to try anything raw and I responded Sure.The Sushi platter arrived shortly and for the first time I laid my eyes upon this unique type of food. It looked like an artistic creation. Greens, reds, blacks, yellows, all the colors of the rainbow right before my eyes. In addition to the colors, the ordination of it was remarkable. Not a gather of rice was out of place . Even the Wasabi was in a nice little mound off to the side. I so began eating, starting at the bottom of the plate and working my way up. Up until this point I was enjoying myself. and as I looked at that first piece of raw slimy fish I couldnt help the thought of putting that into my mouth without first rolling it in some cornmeal and heat up it up on the stove.But I am not easily discouraged, so I put the entire fish in my mouth, chewed several times, and swallowed. It straind dire Immediately I felt my stomach rumble and i tried to spew he fish back onto my plate. Only through a tally of willpower was I able to keep it down long enough to drink some of my Pepsi. I then worked my way through the tuna, snapper, eel, fish eggs, and the rest, distributively with similar results. My drink was refilled four times before the meal was finally over. In the end I asked for the check and left the restaurant as quick as I could. All though I didnt enjoy the meal its self its a memorable moment for me because i tried something forgien to meAfter I was able to take a few deep breaths and begin relaxing again, I left from that unpleasant event and tried to put it all into perspective. What started out as a night out with some coworkers and simple curiosity to try something new had turned into an incident that I would look back upon with disgust. But I also realized that Sushi is not just a type of food, it is a tradition and culture. And while I may not find the taste appealing I do have respect for those who are willing to include anothers customs within their own way of life.

Intellectual and social development of infants Essay

constitution dissolve influence a childs intellectual turn outment, by genetic inheritance, the child could have inherited Down syndrome, which could cause a later development with the childrens speech and language, Down syndrome gutter also impress the muscles for them to become weak. They can also develop behaviour issues, such as autism, stubbornness, tantrums, compulsive and obsessive disorders. Children with Down syndrome can also develop a brain disorder which can fall the memory, judgement and function in later life. Another genetic disorder that can affect a childs intellectual development is Angelman syndrome.If a child has inherited Angelman syndrome this volition affect the childs nervous system. The characteristic that are affect by this condition can include, intellectual disability for example larn difficulties, looking after themselves and communicating. These genetic inheritances can affect the childs learning skills and also the social skills for the child. N urture can affect the childs intellectual development, when the child is in school, the teacher might not be education the child the best way. This will affect the childs learning skills.Another affect that nurture has on intellectual development would be the environment, if a child is brought up in crime, then there is a possibility that the child will grow up to commit crime. Another affect would be if the child parents do not spend time with the child after school, to help complete their homework then they can fall behind in lessons. Nature can affect a childs social development, if the child has inherited Autism. People with Autism find it hard to build relationships with people. This will plant it hard from them to communicate in school, with other children.Autistic people also have difficulty with their speech and language. They also prefer to be alone which can also affect the childs social development. Nurture can affect the childs social development, by the child brought up in an abuse family the child will have to look outside the family for stability and affection. The environment can affect social development. If the child interacts with people doing crime, the child will also be lead into crime in the future. An example of nurture which can affect the social development would be a boy 12-13 geezerhood who was found running around with wolves in France.When the child was brought back into society, he could not talk or walk and he never developed as a normal human being, this shows that if a child needs to be taught socially to develop in the right way. Physical and emotional development of adolescents Nature can affect self-aggrandisings personal development, Nurture can affect an adults physical development, by environmental influences such as exposure to toxins, illnesses and being raised in poor living conditions can also affect physical development.Head injuries, infections, lead poisoning are few of the many environmental reasons for affe cted physical development. Another affect for physical development would be if an adult has been in a car accident, amputation may be needed this will lead to the adult not being able to walk. Old age can also affect physical development, as the adult is getting older their muscles, bones and inside organs are becoming weaker. When they reach old age their muscles and bones, will become stiffer, this will affect their walking.Nature can affect adults emotional development, with the hormones in the adult body, the hormones can affect emotional development. For example people born with high levels of testosterone can become more courageous and aggressive, where as someone with entire levels of estrogen will lead to sensitivity and emotion. Nurture can affect an adults emotional development, if a family or friend has passed away, this can affect the adults emotional development. Another affect for emotional development would be marriage and divorce,

Neo Behaviorism

Consumer behaviourFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to navigation, await This obligate needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material whitethorn be challenged and removed. (April 2011) Psychology Outline History Subfields Basic types Abnormal Biological Cognitive Comparative Cultural differential Developmental Evolutionary Experimental Mathematical Personality Positive Quantitative Social Applied psychology Applied behavior analysis Clinical lodge Consumer Educational Environmental Forensic HealthIndustrial and organizational Legal Military Occupational health Political Religion School Sport Lists Disciplines Organizations Psychologists Psychotherapies Publications research methods Theories Timeline Topics Psychology entre v t e Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the formes they use to select, secure, and dispose of products, services, causes, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. 1 It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics.It attempts to run across the stopping point-making processes of procurers, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioural variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behaviour study is based on consumer buying behaviour, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Research has shown that consumer behaviour is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field. 2 Relationship marketing is an influential asset for customer behaviour analysis as it has a keen involvement in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affi rmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalisation, customisation and one-to-one marketing. Social guides can be categorized into social choice and welf atomic number 18 functions. Each method for vote counting is assumed as social function but if Arrows possibility theorem is used for a social function, social welfare function is achieved.Some specifications of the social functions are decisiveness, neutrality, anonymity, monotonicity, unanimity, homogeneousness and weak and strong Pareto optimality. No social choice function meets these requirements in an ordinal scale simultaneously. The most important characteristic of a social function is identification of the interactive effect of alternatives and creating a logical relation with the ranks. merchandising provides services in order to satisfy customers. With that in mind, the productive system is considered from its spring at the production level, to the end of the cycle, the consumer (Kioumarsi et al. 2009). Contents hide 1 Black box model 2 Information search 3 Evaluation of alternatives 4 obtain decision 5 Postpurchase evaluation 6 Other influences 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External relate edit Black box modelENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS BUYERS BLACK BOX BUYERS RESPONSE Marketing Stimuli Environmental Stimuli Buyer Characteristics Decision Process Product Price Place Promotion sparing Technological Political Cultural Demographic Natural Attitudes Motivation Perceptions Personality Lifestyle Knowledge Problem recognition Information searchAlternative evaluation purchase decision Post-purchase behaviour Product choice Brand choice Dealer choice Purchase timing Purchase amount The black box model shows the fundamental interaction of stimuli, consumer characteristics, decision process and consumer responses. 3 It can be distinguished surrounded by interpersonal stimuli ( mingled with people) or intrapersonal stimuli (within people). 4 The black box model is related to the black box surmisal of behaviourism, where the focus is not set on the processes inside a consumer, but the relation between the stimuli and the response of the consumer.The marketing stimuli are planned and processed by the companies, whereas the environmental stimulus are given by social factors, based on the economical, political and cultural circumstances of a society. The buyers black box contains the buyer characteristics and the decision process, which determines the buyers response. The black box model considers the buyers response as a result of a conscious, rational decision process, in which it is assumed that the buyer has know the problem. However, in reality many decisions are not made in awareness of a determined problem by the consumer. edit Information searchOnce the consumer has recognised a problem, they search for information on products and services that can solve th at problem. Belch and Belch (2007) explain that consumers undertake both an internal (memory) and an external search. Sources of information accept Personal sources Commercial sources Public sources Personal experience The relevant internal psychological process that is associated with information search is perception. Perception is defined as the process by which an individual receives, selects, organises, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world.Consumers tendency to search for information on goods and services makes it possible for researchers to anticipate the purchasing plans of consumers using brief descriptions of the products of interest. 5 The selective perception process Stage Description discriminating exposure consumers select which promotional messages they will expose themselves to. Selective attention consumers select which promotional messages they will pay attention to. Selective comprehension consumer interpret messages in line with their beliefs, attitudes, motives and experiences.Selective retention consumers remember messages that are much meaningful or important to them. The implications of this process help develop an effective promotional strategy, and select which sources of information are more effective for the brand. edit Evaluation of alternativesAt this judgment of conviction the consumer compares the brands and products that are in their evoked set. The evoked set refers to the number of alternatives that are considered by consumers during the problem-solving process. Sometimes also known as consideration , this set tends to be small relative to the total number of options available.How can the marketing organisation increase the likelihood that their brand is part of the consumers evoked set? Consumers evaluate alternatives in scathe of the functional and psychological benefits that they offer. The marketing organisation needs to understand what benefits consumers are seeking and therefore whi ch attributes are most important in terms of making a decision. It also needs to check other brands of the customers consideration set to prepare the right plan for its own brand. edit Purchase decisionOnce the alternatives have been evaluated, the consumer is ready to make a purchase decision.Sometimes purchase intention does not result in an actual purchase. The marketing organisation must relieve the consumer to act on their purchase intention. The organisation can use a variety of techniques to achieve this. The provision of credit or payment terms may encourage purchase, or a sales promotion such as the opportunity to receive a premium or enter a contestation may provide an incentive to buy now. The relevant internal psychological process that is associated with purchase decision is integration.Once the integration is achieved, the organisation can influence the purchase decisions much more easily. There are 5 stages of a consumer buying process 6 they are The problem recogni tion stage, meaning the identification of something a consumer needs. The search for information, which means you search your knowledge bases or external knowledge sources for information on the product. The possibility of alternative options, meaning whether there is another better or cheaper product available. The choice to purchase the product and then finally the actual purchase of the product. 6 This shows the complete process that a consumer will most likely, whether recognisably or not, go through when they go to buy a product. edit Postpurchase evaluationThe EKB (Engel, Kollat, Blackwell) model was further developed by Rice (1993) which suggested there should be a feedback loop, Foxall (2005) further suggests the importance of the locating purchase evaluation and that it is key because of its influences on future purchase patterns. edit Other influencesConsumer behaviour is influenced by internal conditions such as demographics, psychographics (lifestyle), personality, moti vation, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and feelings.Psychological factors include an individuals motivation, perception, attitude and belief, piece of music personal factors include income level, personality, age, occupation and lifestyle. behavior can also be affected by external influences, such as culture, sub-culture, locality, royalty, ethnicity, family, social class, past experience reference groups, lifestyle, market mix factors. edit See alsoFood and Brand Lab Consumer socialization Art Copy Window shopping Consumer confusion edit References1. Kuester, Sabine (2012) MKT 301 Strategic Marketing Marketing in Specific Industry Contexts, University of Mannheim, p. 10. 2. J. Scott Armstrong (1991). Prediction of Consumer Behavior by Experts and Novices. Journal of Consumer Research (Journal of Consumer Research Inc. ) 18 251256. http//marketing. wharton. upenn. edu/documents/research/Prediction%20of%20consumer%20behavior. pdf. 3. Sandhusen, Richard L. Marketing (2000). cf . S. 218 4. Sandhusen, Richard L. Marketing (2000). Cf. S. 219 5. J. Scott Armstrong and Terry Overton (1971). Brief vs. Comprehensive Descriptions in Measuring Intentions to Purchase. Journal of Marketing Research 5 114117. http//marketing. wharton. upenn. edu/ideas/pdf/armstrong2/brief. df. 6. a b Khosla, Swati (2010). Consumer psychology The essence of Marketing. International Journal of Educational Administration 2 (2) 220-220. http//web-l4. ebscohost. com. ezproxy-f. deakin. edu. au/ehost/detail? vid=5hid=106sid=4657a35a-29b0-4753-b833-46a39c374718%40sessionmgr113bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=ehhAN=60641974. Retrieved 2012-05-16. edit Further readingBlackwell, Miniard and Engel (2006). Consumer Behaviour (10th Ed. ). Thomson studying. Deaton, Angus Muellbauer, John, Economics and consumer behavior, Cambridge New York Cambridge University Press, 1980.ISBN 0-521-22850-6 Foxall, G. (2005. ) Understanding Consumer Choice. Baingstoke. Palgrave Macmillian. Howard, J. , Sheth, J. N. (1968), Theory of Buyer Behavior, J. Wiley Sons, New York, NY. Kardes, Frank R. Cronley, Maria L. Cline, Thomas W. , Consumer Behavior, Mason, OH South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2011. ISBN 978-0-538-74540-6 Laermer, Richard Simmons, Mark, Punk Marketing, New York Harper Collins, 2007. ISBN 978-0-06-115110-1 (Review of the book by Marilyn Scrizzi, in Journal of Consumer Marketing 24(7), 2007) Loudon, D. L. 1988), Consumer Behavior Concepts and Applications, McGraw Hill, London. McNair, B. (1958), Retail Development, Harper Row, New York, NY. Packard, Vance, The Hidden Persuaders, New York, D. McKay Co. , 1957. Schiffman, L. G. (1993), Consumer Behavior, Prentice Hall International, London. Schwartz, Barry (2004), The Paradox of Choice Why more than Is Less, Ecco, New York. Shell, Ellen Ruppel, Cheap The High Cost of Discount Culture, New York Penguin Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59420-215-5 Solomon, M. R. (1994), Consumer Behavior, Allyn Bacon, London. edit External linksThe Society for Consumer Psychology hidev t eConsumer behaviour Concepts utilisation (economics) Consumer spending Autonomous employment Induced consumption Consumer debt Consumer economy Consumer culture theory Research types Consumer behaviour Consumer sovereignty Marketing research Consumer neuroscience Consumer choice Consumer product Consumer economics Consumer basket Consumption function Consumer attributes Consumer confusion Consumers risk Consumer confidence Consumer socialization Consumer ethnocentrism Cultural consumer Homo economicusProcesses Consumer cooperative Consumer-to-business Factory-to-consumer Consumer service Consumerization Retrieved from http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Consumer_behaviour&oldid=532422664 Categories Consumer behaviourMarketing analyticsHidden categories Articles needing additional references from April 2011All articles needing additional referencesNavigation menuPersonal tools Create accountLog inNamespaces ArticleTalkVaria ntsViews ReadEditView historyActions count Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia InteractionHelpNeo BehaviorismNeo Behaviourism is a branch of psychology that draws its principles from behaviourism. Neo Behaviourism is a more flexible concept and seeks to analyze and understand phenomena that cannot be measured or observed such as stress, love, trust, empathy or personality. Neobehaviorism departs from classic behaviorism in that while the latter is concerned exclusively with observable behaviors, the former acknowledges the importance of also understanding elements that are internal to the individual. Thus, whereas classical behaviorism is only concerned with the environment as a determinant of behavior, neobehaviorism stresses the interaction of the individual and environment.Neo Behaviorism Tolman and BanduraNeo Behaviorism transitional group, bridging the gap between behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning.Tolma ns Purposive BehaviorismPurposive Behaviorismit is also been referred to as Sign Learning Theory and is often unite between behaviorism and cognitive theory. Tolman believed that learning is a cognitive process. Learning involves forming beliefs and obtaining knowledge about the environment and then revealing that knowledge through purposeful and oddment directed behavior.Tolmans Key ConceptLearning is always purposive and goal- directedCognitive MapLatent LearningThe concept of interesting variable strengthener not essential for learningALBERT BANDURAS SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYSocial Learning Theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. People learn from one another such as observational learning, imitation and modeling.GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY1. Learn by observing. 2. Learning can occur through observation alone, without a change in behavior. 3. Cognition plays a role in learning. 4. Transition between behaviorism and cognitive learning the ory.ENVIRONMENT REINFORCES MODELINGIn several Possible waysBy the model.By the third person.By the imitated behavior itself produce satisfying.By the vicarious reinforcement.Contemporary Social Learning Perspective of Reinforcement and PunishmentContemporary Theory purposes that reinforcement and punishment have indirect effects on learning.Reinforcement and Punishment influence the result of individuals behavior that has been learned.The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes.Cognitive Factors in Social Learning TheoryLearning Without PerformanceCognitive Processing DuringExpectationsReciprocal causationModelingConditions necessary for effective modeling to occurAttention.Retention.Motor reproduction.Motivation.

Eco&Finance Essay

There were lots of environmental resources at hand that will economic maturity. Protected areas in a specific part are essential and could be a great source of fundamental strategy in order to achieve proliferation in the system. In accordance to this, in that location were several contributions for the give tongue to matter, some of them would be beneficial to take into account and others may non it practically depends on how an individual perceived it and how would be open to convey in a certain territory.It has been said that there were tons of means in order to chip in funds for saved areas. It is beneficial that there are consistent adherent for a certain project to be able to maintain the productivity and efficiency of the protected areas. Considering government funding to generate income, through this, those in authority has allotted budget for the nourishment of the areas. Private sector funding also contributes to the increasing support for the said areas, which in annul will brought additional incentives for the land.Lockwoods, Worboys and Kothari (2006) exemplifies that a growing number of business sectors are seeing opportunities in partnmership with protected areas and with the communities who surround them (p. 332). Another imperative provider of the protected areas are the foundations and individual donors who identify such as beneficial not only for the community but also to the people. It was ellicidated that there are lots of benefits on investing in protected areas.Lockwoods, Worboys and Kothari (2006) connotes that demand for the benefits afforded by protected areas is likely to continue to rise particularly with respect to recreation demand such as resource demand, enhanced information availability about the attraction of protected areas, etc. (p. 340). As we maintain the stability of this matter, in return the investment that we ingest will proliferate. It is important to note also on how an individual will benefit and what par ticular privileges a person could get in maintaining their protected areas.It has been said that somehow, there were discrimination that occurs. Lockwoods, Worboys and Kothari (2006) said that there must be clear definition of revenue-raising objectives and charges must be presented as a fee for services provided not a fee for entry or access rights (p. 348). To wrap it all, it has been epitomized that in one way or the other, it is beneficial to consider the capabilities of protected areas considering how it will contribute to the growth and stability of a certain place.Lockwoods, Worboys and Kothari (2006) explains that economic valuation techniques are directed towards estimating the impacts that in particular protected area or policy proposal of marriage has on economic welfare as well as to assess the contribution that protected areas makes to an economy (p. 354). Parallel to this, contributions from different sectors should always be on top priority since it has a huge impact for the development and maintenance of the matter and which will stabilize the economy.

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution Essay

My topic is a taunt car made by the Japanese company Mitsubishi. This machine is considered iodine of the best rally cars in the world. And they are used as cars in our everyday life. The car I am going to be focusing on is the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution in Short Evo. The evolution is a racing car modern transportation car. Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution short (evo) is a product of Japan. It was created as a separate wooden leg to the lancer. The Evolution was intended as a Professional Rally car.The car turned out so thoroughly that there were numerous requests for a thoroughfare car. The evolution was then turned into a sports sedan. The reason I love Evolution so much and would like others to know is because of the way the car was created. If for model you are a driver that loves a sporty car tho has a family the Evolution is perfect it has five seats so that the whole family tin go. The car is also 4by4 which means that it can go through st ormy weather and the drive can feel confident. The Evolution has great prices as well so that means that you can get almost up to three hundred horsepower and a turbo for an affordable price.One of the reasons that the Evolution is so famous is for its handling it was created for rally racing which means that even though the sedan may be different it is still similar. The handling on an Evolution is one of the best in the world for a sedan. Due to the Gentlemens Agreement which stated in Japan that no production car would have much than 300 horsepower the Evolutions in Japan, Europe and North America some of the versions of the Evolution where different. In the future Mitsubishi is planning on making more Evolutions but it is still unclear about the look of the car. Mitsubishi claims that the car is going to have some medications and Versions of it might run on Electricity and there probably go forth be Hybrids.The Conclusion that I came up with is that if you are a family person but always wanted something sporty under $30,000 and something the whole family can go on this would be your choice. The car has magnificent handling and it is very safe. It has a very flashy look and enough power under the hood to prevail you going for a long time. In my personal opinion if you have a family a two setter sports car would not go as good with the family, but a sports sedan would.

Electrotherapy and Osteoarthritis Essay

Osteoarthritis has been described and defined as a condition involving the human bones that is findd by the breakdown of the joints, leading to the loss of cartilage, or what is known as the cushion between the bone and the joint, in the affected joint or joints. Osteoarthritis is known to affect more than twenty million people e genuinely year in the United States of America alone.This degenerative disease affects persons aged above forty five, and it is found in both sexes, and it does non distinguish between races and colors and ethnicities. The hands, the feet, the spine and the large joints of the body fall prey to this debilitating disease, and until today, research has not been adequate to reveal the specific ca economic consumption of osteoarthritis, although it is true that it butt be directly attributed to the impact of ageing.Injuries in a joint, ageing and being everywhereweight bed buoy also lead to the onset of osteoarthritis. The hurt in osteoarthritis is ca u sanced due to the rubbing of the bones together after the cartilage that cushions them has been worn out. Some of the prescribed therapies to deal with the disease ar exercise, sozzled weight control, resting of the painful joints, pain relief medication, electrotherapy, and alternative therapies, and if the pain is excruciating, surgery.Electrotherapy is today one of the most accepted and used skills of physiotherapists, although it is by no means new. The use of heat, cold and electrical stimulation reach been in use for a long time now, but the inherent problem is that the benefits and the advantages or disadvantages if any have not been analyzed or accounted for, and this means that the method is not as widely used as it can be.However, it remains a fact that electricity has been used by medical practitioners for hundreds of years now, and it is now one of the most common discourse sexual climaxes, giving new hope to millions of sufferers across the globe. (Kitchen, Sheila 2002) Take for suit this t up to(p) demonstrating the improvement in the management of pain in osteoarthritis using electrotherapy.Recent research has been able to prove that electricity would be able to diddle immediate relief for both acute as well as chronic pain, and it must be remembered that in the case of osteoarthritis, the pain can be both acute and chronic. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of electrotherapy is not known yet, although it is true that the method can block the transmission of pain signals across the nerves, and can also cause the release of endorphins, or the natural painkillers that are created by the body to combat pain.There can be several different types of electrotherapy methods, and or so of them are TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, inferential current, and galvanic stimulation. One must note that all the three methods use electrotherapy to gain nerves and muscles, through the adhesive pads that are applied on the skin. Electr otherapy must never be used over malignancies, open infections, over pacemaker leads, and over the throat, because it may cause lowered blood pressure, and over a pregnant uterus, as it may affect the fetus.In the year 2004, a randomized treble blind pilot playing field on the impact of electrotherapy on about sixty four osteoarthritis patients suffering from moderate to wicked pain in their various joints was conducted. The aim was to study whether the therapy would be useful in alleviating the pain for these patients, and it was found that it would definitely be able to provide temporary relief from severe and intolerable pain. At the present time, stated the researchers who were involved in the experiment, pain relief for osteoarthritis is predominantly medication, and this approach could bring better relief.In the study, the approach was to apply micro to milliamp current to certain specific areas of the patients head. This would result in the release of endogenous opioids fr om the various pain management areas turn up within the human brain. For a period of two weeks prior to and tow weeks after the study, the subject pain was self assessed using the value scale, and none of the physicians, patients and the device operators were let in on which device was real and which, false, and the data thus collected revealed the interesting fact that electrotherapy was indeed beneficial in convey down the pain of the patients of osteoarthritis.According to the Australian Physiotherapy Association, there is sufficient evidence available to prove that physiotherapy management of the knee joints is a very good idea, and that there is a lack of evidence to prove that electrotherapy, specifically shortwave diathermy, including ultrasound, microwave and shortwave may be useful in managing the pain. It may however be true that a recent Cochrane review was able to prove conclusively that TENS or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be preferably effective i n controlling pain in these patients.However, better designed studies have to be made before it can be stated that TENS can be used to treat pain for osteoarthritis sufferers. (Bennell K, Hinman R, Crossley K 2001) It is important that the treatment plan must be made with the complete cooperation and consultation with the patient. The treatment goals would depend on the timescale of the treatment that he or she is undergoing for his osteoarthritis, the patient profile, and the affected joints. This would ensure that the patient achieves the maximum benefits of the treatment, so that he may be able to continue living a healthy and active life.Although research has shown that electrotherapy methods like laser therapy and ultrasound do not bring in any large levels of improvement in the long term for the pain, they do bring in immediate relief from the pain. (EMHM Vogels, HJM Hendrick et al 2003) This cannot be taken to mean that electrotherapy does not bring relief for patients of os teoarthritis it has been found that low power laser therapy has brought great relief for the pain of sufferers of osteoarthritis in Russia and in Eastern Europe.A study showed that electrotherapy brought relief for pain, mobility, tenderness and functioning in these patients, with relatively little adverse effects. In all probability, the mechanisms treated successfully using laser electrotherapy included marginal nerve stimulation, resolution of inflammation, enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and increased matrix synthesis. (Ghassemi, M, Marks R 1999)There can be no doubt that the studies conducted so far are by no means conclusive, and the issue of handling the joint pains of those suffering from osteoarthritis with electrotherapy must be analyzed and studies further to bring in real statistics and real results. Perhaps, very soon, there may be available some sort of revolutionary treatment for the management of pain, which these patients would be able to use without fear of sid e effects or other complications, so that they may be able to continue to live an active and healthy lifestyle.

Film Music: Gabriel Oboe (From the movie “Mission”) Essay

Theme Student will watch a video decorate from the movie MissionHow do musical media impact on the word-painting of the movie?What is the message the composer tries to let on in the slam of Gabriel Oboe?Objective InformationWhat are the four traditional instrument families ( buttock, Woodwinds, Strings, and Percussions)? please name the instruments in each traditional family.How does each instrument family phonate?Listening to slam and the creature- How does this particular instrument represent each character in the story?SkillsIdentify by choke and classify the instrument families used in the scene of the movie?Write a go around verse or a short story and choose an instrument then improvise a short musical piece that connects the poem or short story.Essay Question (40-points)1.) Please answer the interest question after watching the scene of Gabriel Oboe in the movie. How does the music have the power to surpass with people and changing peoples minds? And what are the mes sages the composer try to give from his musical media in the scene? (Minimum 150 words)Short Answer Question/Listening Section ( 8 points- each)2.) What are the four traditional instrument families? (2 points x 4 )-, , -, .2.) What instrument family did the composer use in the beginning of the Gabriel Oboes scene (Before the solo oboe)?__________________.Multiple Choice (4-points)4.) Which instrument is not included in the woodwinds family?____.OboeClarinetViolin champagne fluteMatching (20-points each)5.) Match correct instrument into the each traditional instrument familyString __ A. CymbalsWoodwinds __ B. TrumpetBrass __ C. OboePercussion __ D. Cello6.) Match the correct instrument to each character in Peter and the wolf.Grandfather__ A. FluteDuck __ B. ClarinetBird__ C. OboeCat __ D. Bassoon

Arts along with the downward Essay

re remunerateable to f processors related to funding for the arts along with the downward turning in the United States economy, a proposition was made for the uniting of the Utah unison along with the Utah opera ho purpose house companies. The imposing situation confronting the arts community became much and more(prenominal) apparent reaching a crisis level in 2001. The Utah music Orchestra was close to a deficit as noted by Scott Parker, Speed of action was essentialI k refreshing that there was a possibility that we could quickly materialise ourselves over the edge, (DeLong & Ager, 2004).There is very little precedence for nuclear fusions between a major melody orchestra and opera companies in the history of the United States. The both examples offered in the history, the spinal fusion of the Madison melody Orchestra and the Madison opera in 1963 along with the Chattanooga Symphony and the Chattanooga Opera in 1985, leave behinded in either the companies remaining intact for a period of time or in them separating repayable to distinct ideologies and methodologies.The 2 significant characters are Anne Ewers, who was asked to consider the position of chief operating officer of the combined opera and symphony companies, and Keith Lockhart who is the very respected, long-time, music director and conductor of the Utah Symphony Orchestra. Both were invited to lead the jointure in December, 2001. Given two very divergent cultures, they faced a very challenging put to work of uniting the two companies. The symphony environment is slow to change where as the opera was more hotshot to challenges and change. The executive committee felt ambivalent initially roughly the optical fusion besides due to the convey to alleviate few of the financial pressures the institutions faced, they eventually agreed. However, opposition to the merger include members of the community as the hearing and the musicians.Lockhart has a very delicate position as th e musicians look to him to nurse their interests. So he held in tension the trust of the musicians and the viability of the disposal as a whole. The musicians came up with some guiding principles they felt the coordinated entity claimed to honor. The community in addition verbalised its concern regarding the possible loss of status of the symphony if merge with the opera. They also questioned Ewers ability to manage the upstart entity due to her lack of experience in running a symphony orchestra.Both Ewers and Lockhart faced a tremendous task as they set out to recreate in the reigns on the merger. The board inquires to hire their motivation skills as they help drum up controlfor the merger. Ann also directfully to understand her bureau and utilize it to persuade the community and the musicians that a merger would ultimately benefit the prox of both(prenominal) entities. We will also explore her lick tactics.Bill Bailey motivation is the reason or reasons that a person has for behaving the way he or she does and those reasons are typically a very tangled phenomena. One of the most popular explanation for motivation is based upon the motifs of the individual. This is also known as the basic leases model, referred to as the content theory of motivation (Cliffs Notes, 2012). Basically, all individuals motive their basic needfully satisfied. Those needs are either primary such as the biological need for food, sleep, and basic survival or secondary needs such as those needs of psychological welfare such as the propensity for office, achievement, and love. The identification of the secondary needs are much more complex since they vary in their definition by the individual due to cultural and experiential factors. Several different theories exist to explain the needs of individuals as the source of motivation because unmet needs prod individuals to pursue and cope with them.Abraham Maslow has a theory which involve five basic needs (Kre itner & Kinicki, 2010). His list of basic needs include, physiological, guard, love, esteem, and self-actualization, which baffle behavior. He ranked these needs in a hierarchical order since there are levels of need which come into play when a lower need has been satisfied. These needs becharm a persons attitudes and behaviors in that they create a compulsion to satisfy the deficiencies. His theory holds to the premise that unsatisfied needs motivate and bring behavior. A satisfied no longer motivates since slew do not need to act to fill a deprivation. The physiological needs motivates an individual to find comfort, rest, refreshment and reasonable work conditions. The safety needs motivates an individual to look for job security, adequate compensation and benefits, and safe work conditions.The love/ favorable needs motivates one to find friendly co-workers, a pleasant and nourishmentive supervisor, and good interaction with customers. appreciation needs motivates an indivi dual to assay an important job which may offer a promotion to a higher status level and greater recognition. Self-actualization needsmay cause an individual to peckk association in the stopping point-making process also with creative and challenging tasks. Leaders may tap into the different needs as described by Maslow to motivate individuals towards a particular agenda. Mr. Bailey is the chairman of the board for the Utah Opera Organization. He may utilize Maslows five basic needs theory to raise support for the merger.Both the Utah Opera and Symphony Orchestra indigence to survive the financial implications of reduced funding and a dire economy which has contracted the patrons ability to support the arts. Mr. Bailey could address to satisfying their safety needs in that a merger would provide job security with the alike(p) amount of vacation for those involved. He could conjure up to the social needs of the per descriptorers in the Orchestra by letting them know that Lockh art, who has been a trusted draw, would continue to provide them with supervision as their conductor and leader even after the merger. Many of the musicians also expressed a concern that their artistic virtuousness would not be protected.Mr. Bailey could could appeal to their high-level needs as a means of motivating them to support their future as performers both individually and corporately. This involves motivation based upon their need for self-actualization. By letting them have autonomy in creativity and a fiber in decision-making, the performers could find continued challenge in their work. This would overlap with meeting their esteem needs in helping them to prepare the importance of their roles. Understanding and utilizing Maslows theory can help Mr. Bailey with influencing the behavior of those involved in both formations by appealing to their personal interests.Scott ParkerScott Parker holds the position as the chairman of the board of the Utah Symphony. As a leader o f that organization, he also faces the challenging task of finding influential supporters who would back the merger of the two companies. He could consider applying David McClellands theory of motivation (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). McClelland recognized that each individual prioritizes their needs early(a) than since individuals are not born with innate needs but the needs are acquire finished ones life experiences. He set three specific needs the need for proceedingwhich drives one to excel towards accomplishments, the need for mogul which causes one to keep influence or encouragement for others to achieve, and the need for affiliation which is a will for close interpersonal relationships.Individuals may have distinct needs show through their work preferences. Those wanting to motivate these individuals may shape the environment to meet these needs. For example, the high achievers would desire to do things better. Therefore, they find motivation in job situations with perso nal responsibility, feedback, and a moderate level of risk. Those with a high need for condition would want to follow a path of subsequent promotions over time. They would desire to be in charge and have the luck to have status. Those with a need for affiliation would seek satisfying interpersonal relationships which would lead to companionship and approval.They would desire relationships with a high degree of mutual perceptiveness and social approval. Mr. Parker identified Mrs. Abravanel as an influential individual who may help him persuade others to vote for the merger if he could motivate her to support this endeavor. Mrs. Abravanel s late economize, Maurice, was the maestro and music director for the Utah Symphony Orchestra for 32 years. Therefore, Mrs. Abravanel would be greatly interested in sustaining the prestige and excellence of the Symphony which her late husband had secured during his prime. Several of the musicians felt concerned that the orchestra would become the appendage of the opera, (DeLong & Ager, 2004) if Ewers became the chief executive officer of the merged organization.They felt that Ewers would leave the Symphony witha less significant role as the Opera. Since the musicians represent the largest ingrained interest group, Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanels desire to keep the Symphony in a place of power and stability for the future. It is said that Maurice Abravanel, had a reputation of defending his musicians vociferously, (DeLong & Ager, 2004). Perhaps Mrs. Abravanel shares her husbands passion for a position of status for the Symphony. McClelland theorizes that those with a high need of power is likely to want a position of status and influence. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanel and entrust her with the responsibility of influencing others towards the merger due to her husbands legacy. Mr. Parker could also appeal to her need for achievement.High achieving individuals, consort toMcClelland would want to know wh ether they are improving the quality of job situations. Maurice Abravanel secured full-year contracts with full-time salaries for his musicians. Mr. Parker could pitch this goal as a potential for the musicians if Mrs. Abravanel became a supporter of the merger. This would provide the Symphony with continued professional status as as achieved by her husband in his fight for the musicians. The relationship between orchestra musicians and the Utah Symphony venire and management had not always been amicable.The board members had reopened the collective bargaining agreement and altered it such that the musicians were worsened off in terms of their salaries, (DeLong & Ager, 2004). McClelland in his theory sees each individual prioritizing their needs through learned experiences. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abranavels desire and possible emotional need for continued affiliation with the Symphony because the success of its future is smashedly related to her husbands life endeavors. S he would be representing her husband by her defense of the Orchestras future.Anne EwersThough the term power potentially evokes some negative connotations and strong feelings in some. It is, however, an essential part of effective leadinghip as managers and leaders need to influence subordinates towards organizational goals. Anne Ewers, as the future CEO of the merged organization has both positional power and personal power. Her positional power is true(a) due to her formal position. Thus, the power that she will use is necessary given her post as a leader to effectively get things done.However, she could have a legitimate role as a leader and expect her subordinates to comply due to her role as their boss. This legitimate role could be expressed either substantiatively or negatively in getting others to comply. Positive legitimate power would result in constructively improving those she would influence to work more effectively. Having negative legitimate power would influence subordinates to comply out of fear, shame, and intimidation. Anne also has denotative power which is a powerwhich comes from her personality. As a leader, she could use charisma and magnetism to appeal to her followers. An effective leader ideally needs toutilize all the tools of the calling which would include both positional (legitimate) and personal (referent) powers. A leader could have a legitimate role and lead others by authority because he or she is the boss.However, an employee could have referent power but not be the boss of a company, attracting and inspiring many by a force of personality. If Anne utilized both powers together, she would not only lead by her authority, but also inspire and appeal to her subordinates with charisma. Having a leader who uses both positive legitimate power and referent power together would foster a committed staff. She would make an excellent leader since, Commitment is superior to compliance because it is driven by internal or intrinsic motivation, (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). We will further discuss Annes use of these two powers below.Ewers Positional PowerEwers has positional power as the current director of the opera and the future CEO of the merged entity. Her position as the leader/director gives her legitimate authority thus, positional power is the corresponding as legitimate power. Those who work under Ewers must comply if they want to keep their job since she has the authority to make decisions and fire those who refuse to comply with her decisions. She could either use this authority in a positive manner as she manages her employees for in a negative manner. If she utilized her power positively, she would improve job cognitive operation and morale with her decisions. She could also use her power in a negative way by peril to fire her employees and coercing them by fear tactics or shaming her employees by publicizing their failures.Ewers would want to call meetings with leaders of the opera and orchestra so that she may utilize her legitimate power to build confidence and shipment. She wants to foster leaders who will be committed to the endeavors of the company rather than merely comply with the new company because they want job security since employees who merely comply require frequent jolts of power to keep them headed in a productive direction. Committed employees tend to be self-starters (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). Anne Ewers would expect that her new team of leaders share her commitment towards forming a undefeated new company.Ewers Personal PowerThe use of personal power that Anne Ewers would use to influence managers is necessary as a positive force for the organization. She will need to blueprint the support and empower Keith Lockhart by utilizing what Kreitner &Kinick calls, referent power. This power is gained through a leaders strong personality and relational skills which influences the followers loyalty and admiration. A leader needs to organize a group of people to achieve a common goal, (Wikipedia, 2012). This power becomes an integral part of a leaders personal power and plays an important role as the leader needs to collaborate and influence the followers support.Leading by influence has increasingly replaced leading by coercion and control. If Ewers utilizes her referent power, she could influence Keith Lockhart to towards leading the Symphony towards the merger. Ewers relationship to Lockhart is one in need of referent power. Ewers has a talent for reducing debt as she retired a $450,000 debt as the general director of the Boston Lyric Opera. She has a knack for fund-raising as well. She could empower Lockhart with these skills as they work side-by-side.Because Lockhart has the loyalty of those in the symphony, Ewers needs to use referent power in order to secure his commitment. Ewers could have a meeting with Lockhart and promise him the co-leader position in the merger process. He knows the history of the symphony and has the trust of the musicians. She can empower him by helping him to see the benefits of the merger. By appealing to Lockhart and endorsing his support, Ewers has a better chance of diminishing the opposition from the musicians. If she increases in her referent power, then(prenominal) a need for coercion which often necessitates the use of punishment, would decrease.Musician PlatformsThe symphony musicians have secured through their substance, an yearly salary between $50,000 and $85,000 which is above the average salary for a musician. Their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes, were to increase even more over the next two years due to the unions bargaining agreement. Given an organization change, their salary agreement would be challenged. More than their concern regarding their salaries, they were concerned about thefuture of their artistic excellence and whether the new organization would support them. They also have a felt need for a successful fund-raising effort, an improved budget strate gy for the orchestra, and a strong collective bargaining agreement.Having the stability provided by the union with a good salary, support for their artistic excellence, and a strong bargaining agreement, the possibility of a merger comes as a more of a threat than as an opportunity for advancement. If Anne does not address the issues which the musicians raised, the organization would not survive on multiple levels. First, with the faltering economy, the orchestra still had a contractual obligation to pay the above average salaries as secured through their union.The organization would collapse under the financial pressure due to the economy, the high salaries, and the decreased funding for the arts. Second, there needs to be a strong leader with commercial enterprise savvywho could challenge and revise the bargaining agreement of the musicians since their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes were scheduled to increase even more over a couple years which would push them over the edg e financially. Third, the organization is in dire need of a quality leader who would command their respect but who would also hold to the same standards of artistic excellence. The organization is in jeopardy due to a lack of leadership since the CEO of the symphony would be leaving after 2002.RecommendationsSince the musicians have presented their set of guiding principles through Christine Osborne, the musicians chairwoman, Ewers with the support of the board need to provide a response. The support of the musicians in the merging process is paramount to the future of the new organization. The future of the musicians in the newly organized symphony also depends upon Ewer and Lockhart as the future leaders. Ewers has positional power which is legitimate given her authority as the future CEO of the merged organization. The question is how she would utilize her legitimacy. Would she exert a positive or a negative legitimate power? She can use her power as a constructive force to unite the two organizations with a mutual vision for profitableness and artistic excellence. Anne could use her referent power to solicit participation in fund-raising efforts. By using her referent power,she can forge a team built on loyalty and commitment.Given the principles presented by the musicians, Ewers has the opportunity to demonstrate her positive legitimate power, her expert power in fund-raising, and her referent power in encourage commitment. First, Ewers needs to influence the leaders of both the Symphony and the Opera as the legitimate future CEO of the merged organizations. As a leader, she would need to cast her vision for the future and hopefully motivate the support of both organizations. She needs to use her referent power to pullulate selfconfidence and passion in her managers to lead their subordinates successfully. Secondly, she needs to address the financial implications of a failing organization by coming up with a rewrite budget which would prevail over th e contracting financial resources.She would need to utilize her fund-raising experience to seek other sources of funding. Though the musicians have an agreement through the union for a certain salary, Anne would need to renegotiate a revised salary and benefits contract for all the performers which would fall within the revised budget. Ewers appeal for the musicians willingness to take a pay cut would pose a great challenge. However, she may place an accent on their egocentrism and organizational interest to continue with the new organization. In order to succeed, she needs to utilize a political tactic of striking a balance between the musicians self-interest with the interests of a new organization.Third, Anne needs to develop and empower a team of trusted individuals who she could target for condition needs of the merger. As we discussed earlier, the better outcome is to have subordinates who are internally motivated and committed towards the merger. Hopefully, she would devel op a base of support by promoting the interest of the whole. Anne would rely on these individuals through consultation, strong sane intellection, and inspirational appeal, influence tactics which we will further explore below (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010).Influence Tactics query performed in the 1980s by David Kipnis and his colleagues resulted in him developing nine tactics which could be used in the workplace by managers in order to influence their subordinates (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010).The first tactic is using rational persuasion which utilizes reason, knowledge, or facts to convince someone to comply. Second, a leader can use inspirational appeals to individuals emotions, beliefs, and values in order to build enthusiasm. The third tactic is called consultation which invites others to participate in the process of planning and decision making. The fourth tactic is to use ingratiation which uses flattery, praise, and friendliness to get individuals in a positive caprice prior to m aking a beseech. The fifth tactic is to make personal appeals as with a friend.The ordinal tactic is to make an exchange for a personal trade of a favor. The seventh tactic is to form a coalition by asking others to join and support the effort as a group. The ordinal and ninth are negative tactics where by one uses pressure or intimidation to collect compliance. The last tactic is make a request (or demand) based on ones legitimate authority, position, organizational rules, policies, or the support of the boss. The more effective tactics are the former ones since pressure, instillation of fear, or forcing compliance fosters a greater discontent in subordinates and can backfire. Anne Ewers can develop her power in order to synchronize and collaborate a newly established organization.She can use the influence tactic of inspirational appeal since many of those involved share the goal of wanting an organization which will protect their personal interest of a competitive salary and b enefits package. The also want to build an excellent organization which will continue to foster their artistic talents. All involved agree that funding is diminishing and new sources need to be found. Ewers can use rational persuasion as an influence tactic to demonstrate her knowledge and experience in developing an effective fund-raising effort given her background. She could also use the tactic of consultation in order to invite others to join her endeavors. This will also allow her to delegate some of the necessary tasks in order to transition into a new organization.ConclusionThe task of bringing about a merger between the Utah Symphony Orchestra and Opera will involve the key people with the skills, knowledge and charisma. It will require not only a concerted effort from the board and the identified leaders, namely Anne Ewers and Keith Lockhart. Ewers has proven skills as a fund-raiser and a devoted manager. However, she will need tolearn new skills by utilizing her position a nd power to motivate and influence a teams with different cultures, the community, and challenge the opposition. She realizes that the task is far from easy but she seems to have a handle on the priorities in order to integrate the two organizations.ReferencesCliffe Notes, (2012). Retrieved from http//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/ Motivation-Theories-Individual-Needs.topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8908.html DeLong, T. and Ager, D., (2004). HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http// www.hbsp.harvard.edu. This instrument is authorized for use only in JFT2 Organizational Management 14 by Faculty at Western Governors University from October 2012 to July 2014. Kreitner, R., Kinicke, A. (2010). Organizational Behavior, 9th Ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, NY. Wiki pedia, (2012). Leadership retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Leadership.

Blackberry Strategy

blackberrys strategy to addition merchandise role in the mainstream commercialise and The use of promotions to achieve its designs Team JMARCS Bozak, Dasgupta, Feng, Kumar, Sharma, Tu SET 1G MKTG-1102 Instructor Don Linder October, 22, 09 Introduction interrogation In Motion ( backtalk) is a leading designer, manufacturer and merchandiseer of innovative wireless solutions for the worldwide bustling communications market. (Reseach In Motion) coast was founded in 1984. beach now has offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. blackberry bush is a line of wireless handheld devices that was introduced in 1999 as a two-way foliater.In 2002, blackberry bush was released, which supports push e-mail, mobile tele remember, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information serve. It delivers information everywhere the wireless data networks of mobile surround service companies. berry holds the worlds second highest market per centum in the sm art phone platform, capturing 21% of worldwide smart phone gross sales in Q2, 2009. On 30 May 2009, sassing announced the itemize of blackberry subscribers has reached approximately 28. 5 million. (Wikipedia) blackberrys competitor orchard apple tree introduced the iPhone in 2007 which was named the Invention of the Year by Time Magazine. apple iPhone is growing at a very impressive rate and with introduction of iPhone 3GS, apple looks all set to oertake margin by mid of 2010 and become number two player in smart phone market. Analysts were expression that strand is unlikely to maintain its over 50% sh be in North America imputable to growing competition from apple, Motorola, and Palm, among others. (Wikipedia) Problem How does brim increase market parcel in the consumer smart phone market? Key Findings Consumer behaviour Two types of users for smart phone nodes ? Enterprise customers- blackberry bush was a partnership decision. ? Non-Enterprise customers- blackberry bush was a personal decision. According to Canalys Research, touchscreens became the preferred interface, representing 40% of all shipments. Upon recognizing Apples success with the iPhone touch screen interface, RIM introduced its admit touch screen device called blackberry bush Storm in end of 2008. (Canalys Research) According to Canalys Research, Smart phones pose been opposing the industry norm, with shipments growing patronage the global recession. Canalys Research) Company information An aggressive buy-one-get-one promotion by Verizon Wireless helped RIMs blackberry Curve move past Apples iPhone to become the best-selling consumer smartphone in the U. S. in the offshoot quarter (Q1) of 2009. (NPD Group) iPhone is exclusive to major carriers such as AT (in US), Rogers and Fido (in Canada) and O2, T- restless, Vodaphone (in Europe) and many smaller carriers around the world. Verizon and Vodafone are heavy promoters of blackberry. Palm exclusive to Sprint until 201 0. RIM has successfully expanded its product portfolio to include a wide election of devices and interfaces that appeal to a range of customers at different price points. Market allot The battle between iPhone and berry is over the Non-Enterprise market, as the users of smartphones are increase in this divide. RIMs consumer smartphone market share increased 15 percent to nearly 50 percent of the smartphone market in US in Q1 2009 versus the prior quarter, as Apples and Palms share twain declined 10 percent each. (NPD Group) According to NPDs Smartphone Market Update report, U. S. consumer sales of smartphone handsets in first-quarter, 2009, ranked in the following order 1.RIM BlackBerry Curve (all 83XX models) 2. Apple iPhone 3G (all models) 3. RIM BlackBerry Storm 4. RIM BlackBerry Pearl (all models, except flip) 5. T-Mobile G1. (NPD Group) According to Gartners enquiry, the smartphone sales grew 27 percent during the period. In smartphones Nokia came in top but their mar ket share dropped from 47. 4 percent in Q2 2008 to 45 percent in Q2 2009. RIM saw 1. 4 percent jump in market share, which brought their number to 18. 7 percent. Apple saw the biggest jump from 2. 8 percent in 2008 to 13. 3 percent in Q2 2009. (Gartner) Gartner says Apples expansion into a bigger number of countries in the past year has produced a clear military group on sales volumes, as have the recent price adjustments on 8GB 3G iPhone. (Gartner) Assumptions RIM has the necessary pecuniary resources or the means by which to promote its product. RIM also needs to have enough financial reserves to absorb frown profits due to aggressive promotions. SWOT Analysis We have quotes from our research accompanying the arguings below. These quotes are designed to further illustrate the meaning of the statements. Strengths Global prominence and financial constancy of the BlackBerry smear in North America provides a so apply platform for product innovation. all over 35 percent of 20 07 revenues were from global sales outside North America. Between 2001 and 2007, the company grew its workforce from active 1250 employees to more than 7000 employees. (Grewal, 2009) RIMs BlackBerry offers a varied set of products to identify the needs of the different segments of users. RIM has a strong line up of smart phones such BlackBerry Curve and BlackBerry Pearle with the popular QWERTY keyboard. The in the bufffangled series include clean and sharp BlackBerry Bold and BlackBerry Storm.RIM has also introduced BlackBerry App World where you can download and corrupt apps from a smart phone. So far RIM has realized a strong base with professional users because of their products functionality and security. Storm, the unseasoned BlackBerry is among RIMs strongest moves so far to appeal to the increasing number of consumers opting for multimedia phones, a market that is increasingly turning to touch-screen devices for their ease of use. (The Wall Street Journal) BlackBer ry carries a range of reasonably priced products which gives their customers the most selection in the smart phone market. Our checks show AT store reps appear poised to recommend BlackBerry to shoppers deterred by iPhones $599 (U. S. ) price tag, (The Globe and Mail) RIMs military capability in the smart phone market is its impressively sized distribution network to provide products and service to the consumer. Retail consumers and corporate clients can buy the BlackBerry from more than 500 carriers and distribution partners in nigh 170 countries around the world. (Leader-Post) Weaknesses RIM has a weak entertainment platform for its product compared to its biggest rival Apple, which specializes in consumer friendly multimedia device.Below, we have a recent quote from BlackBerry CEO Jim Balsille, who emphasizes the companys need to counseling on the non-enterprise market. As we head into the third quarter we look forward to gaining traction with BlackBerry services in untrie d market segments to drive the next leg of growth for the company, (Perez) BlackBerry is weaker brand compared to Apple and Nokia in the consumer sector. They have only if recently started to promote their product for the mainstream consumer. The company expects to ship between 9. 2 million and 9. million BlackBerry smartphones next quarter, as it prepares for follow-ups to popular devices such as the Storm and Bold. but some analysts expressed concern over its push to the mainstream because it would mean that RIM would be competing more direct with its consumer-friendly rivals. (Perez) Due to the relatively higher prices of BlackBerry products, it has a harder time competing in emerging markets. Nokia has a strong presence in the low-cost part of the market. And its likely that the company forget continue to maintain specialisation here, leveraging its massive scale to keep costs low. (Reardon) Opportunities Consumers are more receptive to purchasing media online. This ha s a created a market that Apple has capitalized on with its services like iTunes and Apple App Store. RIM has recently introduced their own app store which has so far received positive reviews. RIMs app storefront go out be key to the firms semipermanent success. Just as Apples App Store and iTunes drive sales of the companys hardware, App Worldwhich has received generally positive reviews mustiness be attractive enough to lure users away from the other smartphones on the market. (Gibbs) Due to increased globalization and consumer acceptance of new applied science, consumers around the world are ordering smart phones from their local carriers. This opens new markets for RIM to expand in. Despite global recession, the demand for smart phones grew as there was a 27 percent increase from Q2 2008 to Q2 2009. Threats Growing competition from Apple, Nokia, HTC, and Palm among others. Apple is expanding into a large number of countries while displace their prices which is increasing t heir sales volume significantly. Nokia is the largest smart phone provider with ample capital to develop their technology and products. But as the iPhone and other rivals expand their reach, RIM could find itself fighting for previously uncontested territory. (Leader-Post) The world economy is going through a downturn. This has inevitably changed the consumer behaviour towards higher end devices. The current scotch climate is negatively impacting sales of higher end devices, (Gartner) RIM is susceptible to lawsuits because it holds countless patents for its products and its immense success makes it a target for patent holding companies like NTP. On March 3, 2006, RIM announced that it had colonised its BlackBerry patent dispute with NTP.Under the terms of the settlement, RIM has agreed to pay NTP US$612. 5 million in a full and final settlement of all claims. (Reardon) Competitive Analysis In the global smart phone market, Apple is growing exponentially with market share incre asing from 2. 8% to 13. 3%. RIM has a gradual increase in market share of 1. 4%, which brought their number to 18. 7%. Nokia, the top manufacturer of smart phone is lagging behind with market share dropping from 47. 4% to 45%. Nokia is more affordable and is very prominent around the world especially in the emerging markets such as India and China. They lso have a strong base with medium to lower income consumers. Because of the lower price point, they provide extra functionality compared to its counterparts. BlackBerry appeals to a vast customer base and its market is obscure by products rather than income. The financially sensitive customers are more accepting of products such as BlackBerry Curve and BlackBerry Pearl. In this segment, RIM competes directly with Nokias smart phones. This increases the popularity and brand recognition of RIM. RIM also invests heavily towards Research and Development to create superior products for satisfying the demands of higher end consumers.Thi s customer base is more accepting of higher priced products because of their superior quality. This increases the margin RIM enjoys compared to Nokia. Apples iPhone and RIMs BlackBerry Storm/Bold are in the same price range. However, RIM has a varied portfolio of products that range from $ ampere-second-$500 US dollars. BlackBerry Storm and iPhone 3G are very similar products that share features such as touch screen interface and 3G software and hardware capabilities. Palm, Motorola, HTC and others are very limited in their market share. Their products are usually cheaper compared to RIM and Apple with inferior quality.Examples of the inferior quality impart be no built-in Wi-Fi and low-resolution cameras. Unlike RIM and Apple, these companies use third party software such as Windows Mobile which has garnered negative reviews. According to a survey by CFI group, it showed that Windows Mobile users had a low level of customer satisfaction when compared to users of other smart phone s. Out of a possible 100 points, Windows Mobile rated only 66, compared with BlackBerry (73), Google Android (77), and iPhone (83). This corresponds with the decrease in Windows Mobiles share of the Smartphone market by 2. % in 2009. (Wikipedia) Target Market Our target market for the problem is the entertainment-focused users who range in age from mid-teens to early 30s. They shoot the breeze a mobile device as a lifestyle choice, and theyre imparting to pay extra for a device thatll help keep them entertained. This group testament use the device for things like multimedia entertainment, brotherly messaging, and gaming. Our target group needs to be relatively affluent with disposable income therefore, they provideing likely be based in developed continents such as North America, Europe and Australia.RECOMMENDATIONS Alternative 1 We gain market share in the consumer smart phone market by lowering the price of BlackBerry Storm and BlackBerry Bold. The price of the Storm and Bol d series will be lowered by $50 in an effort to increase sales by 25%. Advantages 1. Lowering the price of BlackBerry Storm and BlackBerry Bold will be a strong incentive for mainstream consumers to choose those products over BlackBerrys competitors. 2. As lowering the price will make the products more affordable, new users and carriers from other countries will realise BlackBerry products. . Lowering the price of BlackBerry Storm and BlackBerry Bold will not only bring in users from the established mainstream consumer base but also new users who are transitioning to smart phones from handsets. This will create a greater awareness of BlackBerry products. BlackBerry could use this recognition to introduce new products. Disadvantages 1. A part of the customer base baron assume the decrease in price will correlate with a decrease in quality. Therefore, they might bar buying lower priced BlackBerry products. 2.Competitors might lower their price to compete with BlackBerry which will create minimal additional revenue from new customers. The already decreased profit margin from lowered price combined with minimal increase in revenue will decrease profits. 3. RIM might lose money by over producing BlackBerry Bold and BlackBerry Storm as its sales forecast didnt meet actual customer demand. They might lose customers and harm their brand by under producing the products as their supply wont be enough to meet the demands of the customers. This will generate anger and dissatisfaction towards RIM. Alternative 2 We gain market share by offering various products targeted to specified segments of consumers (niche marketing). Advantages 1. RIM will create new market segments (market segmentation) that will correspond with the needs of specific demographic of consumers. 2. RIM will attract more consumers with the larger line up of products and services. This will be able to expand their brand name. 3. RIM will have greater margins with these targeted products as customers are willing to pay more for products that are more in set with their needs. The increased margins will increase the profits.Disadvantages 1. Introducing new products involves a significant investment in start up for Research and Development. Niche markets are usually much smaller than the mainstream market and therefore it will be harder for RIM to sell enough BlackBerry devices to recuperate its initial investment. 2. Consumers may not be provoke in the new products. Keeping in mind the current economic conditions, consumers might delay their purchase of luxury products like a BlackBerry. They might also continue with traditional alternatives like handsets to meet their needs. 3.It will dilute the brand. BlackBerry already has an established brand that their customers identify with. Expanding the product base rapidly will confuse customers about BlackBerry products and negatively affects sales of their bestsellers such as BlackBerry Storm, Bold, and Curve. Alternative 3 We gain m arket share by increasing advertisements on TV and internet which would increase our brand recognition. Advantages 1. With unique and creative marketing campaigns, RIMs products will be more recognizable compared to its competitors such as Apple and Nokia.RIM will gain market share by getting its competitors customers as well as attracting new customers switching to smart phones. 2. A successful publicise campaign will retain encourage brand loyalty from RIMs existing customers. These customers might choose RIMs product in the afterlife because of their comfort level with the BlackBerry brand. 3. It will attract new customers by detailing the merit of RIMs products over its competitors. Disadvantages 1. RIMs campaign might be ineffective because of the oversaturation of advertising campaigns from the different smart phone manufacturers. 2.Increased advertising does not necessarily result in increased sales. RIM might clear excessive amounts on promoting their products which may not be successful and hurt their bottom line. 3. Self-destructive advertising might alienate a portion of their existing customer base. An example would be RIMs spokesperson (celebrity/athlete) commits a crime. In this case RIMs image might be tarnished by association to the person. Solution Problem How does RIM gain market share in the consumer smart phone market? Alternative 3 We gain market share by increasing advertisements on TV and internet which would increase our brand recognition. We imagine this solution is most likely to succeed and deliver results. For the near term, RIM will follow Apples example and attempt to meet the functional and psychological needs of consumers. An example of meeting a psychological need would be to primarily use BlackBerry products as a fashion statement or a status symbol over its intended purpose. This is only possible by capacious promotion in order to make the BlackBerry the it brand among the mainstream consumer. BlackBerry has a more dive rse selection of products compared to Apple and Nokia.It should capitalize this strength by advertising the benefits of its products to the consumer segments. Promotions will bring in new customers. In future, these new customers might upgrade to other BlackBerry devices. They will also spread the news program about BlackBerry creating goodwill and admiration for the brand. Advertising also has a long term goal in mind which is to grow the BlackBerry brand worldwide for years to come. Implementation scheme quantity 1 Divide the consumer base into manageable market segments. Step 2 Target a segment to pursue. Step 3 Determine how BlackBerry would be positioned in the segment.Step 4 Our marketing clinical will be to gain share in our segment. Step 5 Communicate the value of the BlackBerry through the use of television, magazines and the Internet. Step 6 We will evaluate our performance and make adjustments for an improved process. Plan B Problem How does RIM gain market share in t he consumer smart phone market? Alternative 1 We gain market share in the consumer smart phone market by lowering the price of BlackBerry Storm and BlackBerry Bold. The price of the Storm and Bold series will be lowered by $50 in an effort to increase sales by 25%. This plan will also increase BlackBerrys market share. It will bring in new mainstream customers for the very popular BlackBerry Storm and BlackBerry Bold. These products are direct competitors for Apples iPhone. The price decrease might lure Apple customers to switch to BlackBerry products as the quality remnant between the products is minimal. The likelihood of RIMs competitors lowering their price to counteract the decrease in their sales is low, because that will lower the margin of the whole sector rather than just one company (RIM).To avoid these price wars, they will let RIM enjoy the increased market share. Course Concepts Major concepts used were a) The Marketing Research Process We used the format showed in Exh ibit 5. 1 in page 122 of the Marketing book. We make a rough copy in class that defined the problem all the way and the objectives. We delegated the objectives to group members. We performed researched on it and collected the secondary data. We then analyzed all the data and wrote this paper. b) The Marketing environs Analysis Framework We used this framework extensively throughout our project.We analyzed SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) of RIM in detail. SWOT analysis helped us design solutions based on RIMs strengths and weaknesses. We also made solutions that let us develop the opportunities and guard us from the threats. We integrated the Macroenvironmental Factors such Competitors, Demographics, Social/Cultural and Economic. c) We identify segmentation, targeting and positioning in our Implementation Plan. This helped us focus on a group of customers and to come up with solutions that will meet our goals concerning this group. ReferencesCanalys Researc h. (n. d. ). Smart phones defy slowdown. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Press and Research releases http//www. canalys. com/pr/2009/r2009081. htm Gartner. (n. d. ). Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Declined 6 Per Cent and Smartphones Grew 27 Per Cent in Second Quarter of 2009. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Press releases http//www. gartner. com/it/page. jsp? id=1126812 Gibbs. (n. d. ). Why RIMs App World Is Key to Its Long-term Success. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from GigaCom http//gigaom. com/2009/09/28/app-world-will-be-crucial-for-RIM-as-smartphone-space-heats-up/Grewal, L. P. (2009). In Marketing (Canadian Edition ed. , pp. 3-4). McGraw-Hill. Leader-Post. (n. d. ). Analysts pessimistic about RIMs market share. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from product line http//www. leaderpost. com/business/story. html? id=2033215 NPD Group. (n. d. ). RIM Unseats Apple in The NPD Groups Latest Smartphone Ranking . Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Press release http//www. npd. com/press/releases/press_09 0504. html Perez, M. (n. d. ). BlackBerry Maker Pushes For Mainstream. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Information Week http//www. informationweek. om/news/personal_tech/blackberry/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=220200247 Reardon. (n. d. ). Smartphone sales slow amid troubled economy. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from CNET http//news. cnet. com/8301-1035_3-10113288-94. html Reardon, M. (n. d. ). Market to be dominated by smartphones and low-cost handsets. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from CNET Crave http//asia. cnet. com/crave/2009/08/14/market-to-be-dominated-by-smartphones-and-low-cost-handsets/ Reseach In Motion. (n. d. ). Company. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from RIM http//www. RIM. com/company/index. shtml The Globe and Mail. (n. d. . iPhone price may help BlackBerry. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from feature Market Blog http//www. theglobeandmail. com/blogs/markets/iphone-price-may-help-BlackBerry/article767553/ The Wall Street Journal. (n. d. ). BlackBerry With Touch Screen Planned . Retrieved 10 22, 2 009, from Business http//online. wsj. com/article/SB121087480469495889. html Wikipedia. (n. d. ). BlackBerry. Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BlackBerry Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Windows Mobile . Retrieved 10 22, 2009, from Wikipedia http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Windows_Mobile